Modification of Cry4Aa toward Improved Toxin Processing in the Gut of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Rausch, Michael; Chougule, Nanasaheb P.; Deist, Benjamin R.; Bonning, Bryony C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155466

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Chougule et al (30) were the first to develop a modified Bt toxin with some action against aphids. Subsequent efforts to modify another toxin-coding gene resulted in some improvements (113), but neither of these efforts resulted in commercial products. The Monsanto company also worked on developing Hemiptera-active Bt toxins and recently tested a plantincorporated Bt gene aimed at control of Lygus plant bugs (8,53).…”

Section: Case 4: Genetic Engineering Applications To Control Insect Vectors Of Plant Disease Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Editing, Gene Drives, and Synthetic Biology: Will They Contribute to Disease-Resistant Crops, and Who Will Benefit?

Pixley

Falck-Zepeda

Giller

et al. 2019

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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Genetically engineered crops have been grown for more than 20 years, resulting in widespread albeit variable benefits for farmers and consumers. We review current, likely, and potential genetic engineering (GE) applications for the development of disease-resistant crop cultivars. Gene editing, gene drives, and synthetic biology offer novel opportunities to control viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens, parasitic weeds, and insect vectors of plant pathogens. We conclude that there will be no shortage of GE applications totackle disease resistance and other farmer and consumer priorities for agricultural crops. Beyond reviewing scientific prospects for genetically engineered crops, we address the social institutional forces that are commonly overlooked by biological scientists. Intellectual property regimes, technology regulatory frameworks, the balance of funding between public- and private-sector research, and advocacy by concerned civil society groups interact to define who uses which GE technologies, on which crops, and for the benefit of whom. Ensuring equitable access to the benefits of genetically engineered crops requires affirmative policies, targeted investments, and excellent science.

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Section: Case 4: Genetic Engineering Applications To Control Insect Vectors Of Plant Disease Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Editing, Gene Drives, and Synthetic Biology: Will They Contribute to Disease-Resistant Crops, and Who Will Benefit?

Pixley

Falck-Zepeda

Giller

et al. 2019

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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“…In A. pisum , RNAi-mediated gene silencing was first shown by silencing the C002 gene [35]. Thereafter, other genes were targeted for silencing including C002 , Mp10 and Mp42 [54], Calreticulin [36], vATPase [38], Aquaporin , ApAQP1 [40], gap gene hunchback ( hb ) [29], cathepsin - L [55], Angiotensin-converting enzymes ( ACEs ) [56], structural sheath protein ( shp ) [57], Peroxiredoxin 1 gene ( ApPrx1 ) [58], macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( MpMIF1 ) [59] and Cry4Aa derived from B. thuringiensis subsp israelensis [60]. Among these, knockdown of C002 and Cathespsin -L vATPase , ACEs , MpMIF1 and shp genes showed significant mortality of A. pisum .…”

Section: Rnai-based Approaches For the Control Of Insect Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Interference in Insect Vectors for Plant Viruses

Kanakala

Ghanim

2016

Viruses

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Insects and other arthropods are the most important vectors of plant pathogens. The majority of plant pathogens are disseminated by arthropod vectors such as aphids, beetles, leafhoppers, planthoppers, thrips and whiteflies. Transmission of plant pathogens and the challenges in managing insect vectors due to insecticide resistance are factors that contribute to major food losses in agriculture. RNA interference (RNAi) was recently suggested as a promising strategy for controlling insect pests, including those that serve as important vectors for plant pathogens. The last decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the functional analysis of insect genes, especially those whose silencing results in mortality or interference with pathogen transmission. The identification of such candidates poses a major challenge for increasing the role of RNAi in pest control. Another challenge is to understand the RNAi machinery in insect cells and whether components that were identified in other organisms are also present in insect. This review will focus on summarizing success cases in which RNAi was used for silencing genes in insect vector for plant pathogens, and will be particularly helpful for vector biologists.

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“…pisum with cathepsin L dsRNA in artificial diet specifically silenced gene expression in the gut, whereas injection of the dsRNA caused more widespread effects (Sapountzis et al , ). Cathepsin activity in the aphid gut also was demonstrated by engineering a cleavage site for this enzyme into the pesticidal crystal protein Cry4Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis to allow activation (Rausch et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silencing cathepsin L expression reduces Myzus persicae protein content and the nutritional value as prey for Coccinella septempunctata

Rauf

Asif

Amin

et al. 2019

Insect Molecular Biology

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Gut‐expressed aphid genes, which may be more easily inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi) constructs, are attractive targets for pest control efforts involving transgenic plants. Here we show that expression of cathepsin L, which encodes a cysteine protease that functions in aphid guts, can be reduced by expression of an RNAi construct in transgenic tobacco. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by up to 80% adult mortality, reduced fecundity, and delayed nymph production of Myzus persicae (green peach aphids) when cathepsin L expression was reduced by plant‐mediated RNAi. Consistent with the function of cathepsin L as a gut protease, M. persicae fed on the RNAi plants had a lower protein content in their bodies and excreted more protein and/or free amino acids in their honeydew. Larvae of Coccinella septempunctata (seven‐spotted ladybugs) grew more slowly on aphids having reduced cathepsin L expression, suggesting that prey insect nutritive value, and not just direct negative effects of the RNAi construct, needs to be considered when producing transgenic plants for RNAi‐mediated pest control.

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Modification of Cry4Aa toward Improved Toxin Processing in the Gut of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Genome Editing, Gene Drives, and Synthetic Biology: Will They Contribute to Disease-Resistant Crops, and Who Will Benefit?

Genome Editing, Gene Drives, and Synthetic Biology: Will They Contribute to Disease-Resistant Crops, and Who Will Benefit?

RNA Interference in Insect Vectors for Plant Viruses

Silencing cathepsin L expression reduces Myzus persicae protein content and the nutritional value as prey for Coccinella septempunctata

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