Modification of cyanate ester resin by soluble polyarylates

Abstract

Soluble polyarylates were prepared from the reaction of 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol‐A) and aromatic acid dichlorides (phthaloyl chloride and related diacid dichlorides), and used to improve the brittleness of a cyanate ester resin. The polyarylates include poly[2,2‐di(4‐phenylene)propane phthalate] (PPA), poly[2,2‐di(4‐phenylene)propane phthalate‐co‐2,2‐di(4‐phenylene)propane isophthalate] (IPPA) and poly[2,2‐di(4‐phenylene)propane phthalate‐co‐2,2‐di(4‐phenylene)propane terephthalate] (TPPA). Furthermore, a commercial polyarylate, U‐polymer, was also used as a modifier. The morphologies of the modified resins depended on the polyarylate structure and concentration. The most effective modification of the cyanate ester resin could be attained because of the co‐continuous phase structure of the modified resin: 25 wt% inclusion of IPPA (50 mol% isophthalate units, weight average molecular weight (Mw) 38 500 g mol−1) led to a 130% increase in the fracture toughness (KIC) for the modified resin, with retention of its flexural properties and glass transition temperature, as compared with the values for the unmodified resin. Water absorptivity of the IPPA‐modified resin was smaller than that of the unmodified resin. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry

Curing of dicyanate ester/epoxy copolymers modified with polysiloxane and butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers

“…• Copolymerization with epoxy (EP) resin • Blending CE resin with thermoplastic resins, for example polysulfone [5,6], polyarylate [7], poly(ether imide) [8], polycarbone, polyamide and so on • Application of reactive elastomers [9,10].…”

Polymeric Toughening of Particle Filled Cyanate Ester Composites

“…Inspection of these micrographs indicates a multiphase morphology, as would be expected. However, the dispersion of thermoplastics throughout a cyanate ester results in a visually similar appearance to rigid particle filled cyanate esters 19,26. Thus, SEM images do not readily permit differentiation between filler particles and possible thermoplastic particles.…”

“…However the high temperature focus of cyanate ester applications has meant toughening research now centers on the engineering thermoplastics 11,16,18–20,23–25. Work to date has centered mainly on the thermoplastics used successfully in epoxy thermosets including: polyetherimide (PEI),16,18–20 poly(ether sulfone) (PES),11,19,21,22 and polysulfone,11,17 however some studies have examined specially synthesised thermoplastics 23,24,26–28…”

Curing behavior and network formation of cyanate ester resin/polyethylene glycol

“…Now, the methods of toughening modification of CE resins are shown as follows: (1) Copolymerization with thermosetting resin . (2) Blending with thermoplastic resins, such as polysulfone, polyarylate, poly (etherimide) and so on. (3) Application of reactive elastomers, for instance, thermoplastic resin and rubber with active functional groups .…”