Modification of EEG asymmetry induced by auditory biofeedback loop during REM sleep in man

Sockeel, Pascal; Mouze-Amady, Marc; Leconte, Pierre

doi:10.1016/0167-8760(87)90056-0

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This result was consistent with the findings of Sammut and Conduit, 34 Sockeel et al, 35 Okuma et al, 36 and Wehrle et al 37 The findings of the current study could be considered inconsistent with previous research by Conduit, Bruck, and Coleman,…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…34 Such EM suppression during REM sleep has also been observed in response to white noise 35 and photic stimulation. 36 In a more recent fMRI study, 37 it was also observed that external tones presented during REM sleep produced a significant decrease in thalamic blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response and suppression of EMs.…”

Section: 33mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The aim of this experiment was to investigate the suppressive effect of low-intensity repeated tone presentation on eye movements anecdotally reported in past research [34][35][36][37] and to investigate the subsequent effect on dream report characteristics. Total sleep time and the percentage of REM and NREM sleep of the participants indicated that they experienced normal sleep architecture and sufficient sleep within the laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As evident from anecdotal findings of previous studies, eye movement suppression is not exclusive to pure tone auditory stimulation. The suppressive effect can also be brought about by white noise (70-95 dB) 35 and photic stimulation (a train of 306 flashes at 1/ sec emitted from a stroboscopic bulb). 36 Low-intensity repeated tone presentation also resulted in a significant increase in EEG arousal and a decrease in the occurrence of reported dream imagery on awakening.…”

Section: General Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auditory Inhibition of Rapid Eye Movements and Dream Recall from REM Sleep

2009

Sleep

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Although there is considerable support for each view, there are methodological and theoretical limitations to both that remain to be resolved before it will be clear which process (if indeed either or both) underlies dream reporting on awakening from sleep.Cortical arousal during sleep has been identified by the appearance of α frequency (8-12 Hz) EEG activity and has been noted by a number of researchers to be associated with mentation reporting.1-6,10-13 α Activity is high at sleep onset when hypnopompic images occur.5 Similarly, although sleep terrors occur during slow wave sleep (SWS), EEG indicates increased arousal to that of a wake pattern.10 Light sleepers with increased α activity across all sleep stages show an equal frequency of mentation reporting from REM and NREM sleep.1 Tyson et al 11proposed dreaming to be a function of cerebral activation. They noted that during REM periods of higher α activity preceding awakening, mentation reports were more vivid and bizarre than those with lower α activity, as judged by an independent rater. Antrobus compared NREM and REM mentation and found that differences in mentation were a function of report length. 2He concluded that increased cortical activation characteristic of REM sleep resulted in lengthy mentation reports. In further investigating the role of cortical arousal in dreaming, Antrobus et al.12 found an increase in visual mentation reports associated with increased arousal characteristic of both REM sleep and the rising phase of the diurnal sleep cycle. They noted the diurnal rise in arousal accounted for 30% of the difference in cortical arousal between REM and NREM sleep. In a subsequent study by Fosse et al, 13 229 REM and 165 NREM reports collected at home were scored for the presence of hallucinations and directed thinking. These data showed that as the night progressed, NREM showed an increase in hallucinations; this was so pronounced that late night NREM reports were described as indistinguishable from early REM reports. This led these researchers to conclude that "…as the night progresses, NREM approaches the neurocognitive characteristics of REM (p. 302)." These findings support the notion of dreaming as a function of cerebral activation as the night progresses.The "REM-on dream-on" model proposed by Solms 6 is consistent with cortical arousal-based theories of dreaming. Using evidence from lesion 14-17 and pharmacological 18,19 studies, Solms proposed dreaming was a result of arousal of dopaminergic forebrain processes dissociable from the REM sleep stage. More specifically he identified the activation of the mesocortical/mesolimbic dopaminergic system and cortical back projection as responsible for the generation of dreaming. 6 The relationship between increased cortical arousal and dream recall has recently been disputed by a number of researchers, who have noted decreased cortical activation is conducive to higher dream recall. [20][21][22] Recall from stage 2 and REM sleep has been found to be associated with lower α power; There is debat...

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 55%