Modification of Fresh-Water Clamshells (Pilsbryoconcha exilis compressa) as New Raw Material and its Application in the Biodiesel Production of Lard Oil
Abstract:In the present work, the catalytic activity and stability of the Fresh-water Clamshells-derived CaO catalyst were investigated by the transesterification reaction of lard oil. The physicochemical properties of lard oil as a raw material for biodiesel production compared with palm oil were also studied. The obtained CaO_FWC was characterized by various analytical techniques to evaluate the physicochemical properties consisting of TGA, SEM, XRD, XRF, BET surface area, FT-IR, Hammett indicator method, and CO2-TPD… Show more
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