Modification of Glassy Carbon Electrode With Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and α‐Silicomolybdate: Application to Sb(III) Detection

Abstract

A simple procedure was developed to prepare a glassy carbon (GC) electrode modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) 4À and CNTs. In this research the attractive mechanical and electrical characteristics of CNTs and unique properties and reactivity of polyoxometalates were combined. The modified electrode in buffer solution containing Sb(III) shows a new redox system at 0.38 V in pH 1. The voltammetric peak current increased with increasing Sb(III) concentration. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was used for detection micromolar concentration of antimony. Furthermore, the interference effects various electroactive compounds on voltammetric response of Sb(III) were negligible. Finally the ability of the modified electrode for antimony detection in real samples was evaluated.

Adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetric determination of antimony(III) on a glassy carbon electrode using rivastigmine as a new chemical receptor

“…These are summarized in Table 3. As can be seen from this table, the value of LOD is lower than most of the reported electrochemical methods [15,16,[21][22][23]26,[31][32][33]36,[38][39][40]43,45,49,52]. Moreover, the results of the interference studies showed that the selectivity of the proposed method is quite high.…”

“…Furthermore, the measurement period is very short. In addition, when the proposed method including the use of GCE in the presence of RIV was compared with studies performed using GCE together with other modifiers for determination of Sb(III), it exhibited better LOD and a larger linearity range than those studies [21,26].…”

“…Recently, carbon-based electrodes have attracted attention in electroanalytical studies as an attractive alternative to mercury electrodes in stripping analysis due to their many advantages. These advantages include non-toxicity, wider operational potential, stability in various solvents, longer life, and environmental friendliness [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][47][48][49][50][51]. However, the use of unmodified carbon electrodes is very limited for antimony determination by electrochemical stripping methods [27].…”

“…Most methods have focused on modification of the electrode surface or use of a chelating/complexing agent to increase the detection limit. For this purpose, pyrogallol [21,51], pyrocatechol [21], polyoxometalate [26], gallic acid [47], phenylfluorone [48], pyrogallol red [49], and bromopyrogallol red [50] have been used as complexing reagents for the determination of Sb(III) in carbon-based electrodes.…”

“…Furthermore, they are more portable than the aforementioned techniques . The stripping voltammetric techniques including anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV), based on the interfacial accumulation and voltammetric determination of metal complexes [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51], are those most commonly employed in the determination of antimony due to their lower detection limits. Mercury-based electrodes have been widely preferred as the working electrode in antimony determination.…”