Modification of interparticle forces for nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition

Hakim, Luis F.; Blackson, John; Weimer, Alan W.

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2007.07.013

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It has also been shown that the ALD films themselves will modulate interparticle forces as the particles go from surfaces consisting of the substrate, to those of the film material. This evolution has been observed in a change in the Hamaker Constant of TiO 2 nanoparticles with increasing number of ALD cycles of Al 2 O 3 (20).…”

Section: Particle Fluidization In a Fluidized Bed Reactormentioning

confidence: 84%

Functionalization of Fine Particles Using Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition

King¹,

Liu²,

Weimer³

2009

ECS Trans.

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The functionalization of fine primary particles, including nanoparticles and nanotubes, is easily carried out using atomic or molecular layer deposition (ALD or MLD, respectively) techniques. Particle ALD/MLD can be used to deposit conformal and pinhole-free films of refractory oxides, non-oxides, metals, and hybrid polymer-based materials, amongst others. Fluidized bed reactors are well-suited for large scale operations and can be operated at reduced pressures while using inert gases necessary for standard self-limiting, flow-based ALD/MLD processes. The continuous-flow processing allows for process control using an inline mass spectrometer downstream from the reactor chamber. Many insulator and semiconductor films, including Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, TiO 2 and SiO 2 have been successfully deposited on primary particle surfaces in fluidized bed reactors using a variety of precursor types. The applications of functionalized or passivated nanomaterials are innumerable, and the flexibility of this scalable process demonstrates its economic viability.

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Section: Particle Fluidization In a Fluidized Bed Reactormentioning

confidence: 84%

Functionalization of Fine Particles Using Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition

King¹,

Liu²,

Weimer³

2009

ECS Trans.

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“…The difference can possibly be explained by the curvature of the surface; on a flat surface there is more hindrance from neighboring molecules in the adsorption step. [4,5] DOI: 10.1002/cvde. 200906775 …”

Section: Aldmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…An overview of ALD research in catalysis can be found in Haukka et al [18] Another promising application is changing the surface properties of powders, such as interparticle forces, by applying a thin coating. [5] We coated LiMn 2 O 4 particles that can be used as the positive electrode in Li-ion batteries. This material has a high capacity and output voltage, and is cheaper and environmentally friendlier than the currently used materials such as LiCoO 2 .…”

Section: Powder Ald Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Pressure Process for Coating Particles Using Atomic Layer Deposition

Beetstra

Lafont

Nijenhuis

et al. 2009

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a promising technique for coating micrometer-and nanometer-sized particles. Due to the self-terminating nature of the ALD half-reactions, the coating thickness can be controlled to the atomic level by choosing the number of cycles in which the half-reactions are repeated. This technique is performed in a fluidized bed reactor, under atmospheric pressure. LiMn 2 O 4 particles (primary particles 200 À 500 nm in diameter) are coated with Al 2 O 3 to various thicknesses, ranging from 5 ALD cycles to 28 ALD cycles. The resulting coatings are homogeneous, and the individual particles are coated, rather than the agglomerates as a whole; however there are indications of some build-up of water -mainly in poresthat may be related to the use of atmospheric pressure. Quantitative characterization of the coating is difficult due to the powdered substrate.

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“…It should be noted that the role of the intra-agglomerate interparticle force was not resolved in this study. However, it can be speculated that this role cannot be ignored, as it affects the size and density of the agglomerates (Hakim et al, 2007). …”

Section: Void Fraction and Non-uniformity In Particulate Fluidizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of discrete element method simulation for studying fluidization of nanoparticle agglomerates

2008

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The usefulness of discrete element method simulation for studying fluidization of nanoparticle agglomerates is explored. Nanoparticle agglomerates were simulated by using solid particles of equivalent sizes and densities. Validity of the present simulation was assessed through comparisons of simulation results and experimental observations of bed expansion, characteristic fluidization behaviour, and dense-bed settling. The simulation was then used to investigate initial bed expansion and bed uniformity under particulate fluidization conditions. The role of inter-agglomerate interparticle force in fluidization of nanoparticle agglomerates was examined. A stability analysis originally developed for addressing the transition from particulate to bubbling fluidization for conventional particles was used for predicting the start of bubbling in fluidized beds of nanoparticle agglomerates.On aétudié l'utilité de la simulation par la méthode deséléments discrets pour l'étude de la fluidisation d'agglomérats de nano particules. Les agglomérats de nano particules ontété simulésà l'aide de particules solides de tailles et de masses volumiqueséquivalentes. La validité de la présente simulation aétéévaluée par des comparaisons de résultats de simulations et des observations expérimentales sur l'expansion de lit, le comportement de fluidisation caractéristique et la décantation en lit dense. On a ensuite utilisé cette simulation pourétudier l'expansion de lit initiale et l'uniformité de lit dans des conditions de fluidisation de particules. Le rôle de la force interparticulaire et inter-agglomérats dans la fluidisation des agglomérats de nano particules aété examiné. Une analyse de la stabilité mis au pointà l'origine pour traiter la transition entre la fluidisation particulaire et par bullage pour des particules conventionnelles a servià la prédiction du début du bullage dans les lits fluidisés d'agglomérats de nano particules.

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Modification of interparticle forces for nanoparticles using atomic layer deposition

Cited by 46 publications

References 46 publications

Functionalization of Fine Particles Using Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition

Functionalization of Fine Particles Using Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition

Atmospheric Pressure Process for Coating Particles Using Atomic Layer Deposition

Application of discrete element method simulation for studying fluidization of nanoparticle agglomerates

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