Modification of Lignin*

Meister, John J.

doi:10.1081/mc-120004764

Cited by 143 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Traditionally, lignin has been treated more as a component that needed to be -gotten out of the way‖ because there was no technology for recovering lignin as a high value product. Now, under new non-sulfur processes allowing recovery of high value lignin, a very significant improvement in profitability in biorefinery operations is possible [14]. Along Pathway A of the Multi-product Track, items manufactured from residual, extracted woody biomass are less costly to produce, and/or are improved in quality or function compared to the same goods manufactured using woody biomass untreated by hot water extraction.…”

Section: Economically Viable Deconstruction and Utilization Of Woody mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vast majority of this lignin is burned (heating value of 23.3-25.6 kJ/g for lignin) in recovery boilers (during the regeneration of kraft chemicals (NaOH and Na 2 S)) providing relatively low cost fuel for pulp mills. Lignin is the most abundant natural aromatic polymer, however, despite this natural abundance, a minor amount of the total available lignin is used in higher-value products or specialty commodity applications [14].…”

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Commercializing Biorefinery Technology: A Case for the Multi-Product Pathway to a Viable Biorefinery

Amidon

Bujanovic

Liu

et al. 2011

Forests

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While there may be many reasons why very interesting science ideas never reach commercial practice, one of the more prevalent is that the reaction or process, which is scientifically possible, cannot be made efficient enough to achieve economic viability. One pathway to economic viability for many business sectors is the multi-product portfolio. Research, development, and deployment of viable biorefinery technology must meld sound science with engineering and business economics. It is virtually axiomatic that increased value can be generated by isolating relatively pure substances from heterogeneous raw materials. Woody biomass is a heterogeneous raw material consisting of the major structural components, cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses, as well as minor components, such as extractives and ash. Cellulose is a linear homopolymer of D-glucopyrano-units with β-D(14) connections and is the wood component most resistant to chemical and biological degradation. Lignin is a macromolecule of phenylpropanoid units, second to cellulose in bio-resistance, and is the key component that is sought for removal from woody biomass in chemical pulping. Hemicelluloses are a collection of heteropolysaccharides, comprised mainly of 5-and 6-carbon sugars. Extractives, some of which have high commercial value, are a collection of low molecular weight organic and inorganic woody materials that can be removed, to some extent, under mild conditions. Applied Biorefinery Sciences, LLC (a private, New York, USA based company) is commercializing a OPEN ACCESSForests 2011, 2 930 value-optimization pathway (the ABS Process™) for generating a multi-product portfolio by isolating and recovering homogeneous substances from each of the above mentioned major and minor woody biomass components. The ABS Process™ incorporates the patent pending, core biorefinery technology, -hot water extraction‖, as developed at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF). Hot water extraction in the absence of mineral acids and bases is preferred because of its ability to generate multiple high value output products without chemical input, recovery, or disposal costs. Instead of added chemicals in the cooking phase, the ABS Process™ relies upon an autocatalytic reaction in which acetyl groups, bound through an ester linkage to hemicellulose chains, are hydrolyzed at high temperature in water. The resulting acidic conditions (final pH ~3.5) and temperatures of 160-170 C permit further solubilization and diffusion of oligomeric 5-and 6-carbon sugars, acetic acid, aromatic substances, monomeric sugars, and other trace compounds into the extract solution. These conditions also avoid extensive degradation of monosaccharides, enabling membrane fractionation and other chemical separation techniques to be used in the following separations. A range of separation techniques are applied on the extract solution to isolate and purify fermentable sugars, acetic acid, lignin, furfural, formic acid, other hemicellulose ...

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Section: Economically Viable Deconstruction and Utilization Of Woody mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercializing Biorefinery Technology: A Case for the Multi-Product Pathway to a Viable Biorefinery

Amidon

Bujanovic

Liu

et al. 2011

Forests

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“…Although the most abundant non-phenolic lignin units are unreactive, their pre-oxidation is able to weaken the network structure of lignin. A possible treatment of lignin for changing its structure by introduction of α-carbonyl functionality aiming at reactivity enhancement was already investigated (Meister 2002;Barreca et al 2003;Crestini et al 2010). Under alkaline sulfite pulping conditions, phenolic lignin with α-carbonyl functionality leads to extensive sulfitolytic cleavage of the alkyl aryl ether bonds (Gierer and Ljunggren 1979a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction kinetics of strong nucleophiles with a dimeric non-phenolic lignin model compound with α-carbonyl functionality (adleron) in aqueous alkali solution

2016

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Abstract:The degradation kinetics of a non-phenolic lignin model compound with α-carbonyl functionality (adlerone) has been studied by varying temperature and concentrations of sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen sulfide, and sodium sulfite. The kinetics of adlerone degradation and formation of its reaction products were monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy and their structures were analyzed by GC/MS. The two step degradation of adlerone was studied in two separate experimental setups. In the first alkali catalyzed step, adlerone is converted to a β-elimination product that reacts further in the second step with hydrogen sulfide or sulfite ion. The Arrhenius kinetic parameters were derived by the KinFit software. The activation energy for the 1 st step was 69.1 kJ mol -1 , and for the 2 nd step with sulfide 42.4 kJ mol -1 and with sulfite ion 35.8 kJ mol -1 . The reaction mechanisms presented are in line with those published earlier: β-ether bonds of structures having α-carbonyl functionality do not cleave under soda pulping conditions, whereas in kraft and sulfite pulping the cleavage of β-ether bonds proceeds via nucleophile attack and addition. The combination of hydroxyl and sulfite ions gives the fastest cleavage of β-ether bonds in non-phenolic lignin structures with the α-carbonyl functionality.

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“…For example, the wood-pulping industry utilizes a sulfite pulping process as one of the ways to remove lignin from the wood pulp before paper is manufactured. This process produces a byproduct called lignosulfonates (Schubert 1965;Crawford 1981;Meister 2002). Different from other types of technical lignin, lignosulfonates are water-soluble.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Processing Parameters on Formation of Lignosulfonate Fibers Produced using Electrospinning Technology

Chang¹,

Chan²,

Chang³

2016

BioResources

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Lignosulfonate fibers were produced using electrospinning technology, a method of manufacturing fibrous materials using polymeric solutions, by adding traces of polyethylene oxide to lignosulfonate solutions. Continuous and uniform fibers were obtained under appropriate processing conditions. Solution concentration, applied voltage, flow rate, and syringe-to-collector distance all had effects on fiber formation and diameter. Certain interactive effects among these processing parameters were also observed. Solution concentration was the most significant parameter influencing the diameters of the resulting lignosulfonate fibers. Higher solution concentrations resulted in greater fiber diameters. A broader distribution of fibers was observed as the solution concentration increased. Applied voltage, flow rate, and syringe-to-collector distance had moderate effects on the fiber diameters, and needle gauge had a minor impact on the fiber diameters.

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Modification of Lignin*

Cited by 143 publications

References 61 publications

Commercializing Biorefinery Technology: A Case for the Multi-Product Pathway to a Viable Biorefinery

Commercializing Biorefinery Technology: A Case for the Multi-Product Pathway to a Viable Biorefinery

Reaction kinetics of strong nucleophiles with a dimeric non-phenolic lignin model compound with α-carbonyl functionality (adleron) in aqueous alkali solution

The Effect of Processing Parameters on Formation of Lignosulfonate Fibers Produced using Electrospinning Technology

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