Modification of ostrich eggs by carnivores and its bearing on the interpretation of archaeological and paleontological finds

Kandel, Andrew W.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.09.007

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While the numerous faunal remains with a higher level of mineralization (MC3, MC4, and MC5) are beyond the range of radiocarbon dating, their degree of fossilization is consistent with an MSA date. Mineralized ostrich eggshell with adhering calcrete was also beyond the range of radiocarbon dating (Kandel, 2004) and further support an MSA determination.…”

Section: Archaeological Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Geological samples of the sand, calcrete, rhizoliths, terrestrial snails, and fossilized plant remains were collected for dating using radiocarbon, luminescence, and U-series methods. While some of the archaeological and geological findings have been published separately (e.g., Conard, Prindiville, & Kandel, 1999;Kandel, FelixHenningsen, & Conard, 2003;Kandel, 2004;Conard & Kandel, 2006), a monograph detailing all of the multi-disciplinary results is in preparation. Chronological frameworks always rely upon a mixture of information sources, including direct methods of numerical dating, associations with diagnostic artifacts, and geological context.…”

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geoarchaeological and chronostratigraphical investigations of open‐air sites in the Geelbek Dunes, South Africa

et al. 2008

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The Geelbek Dunes located north of Cape Town, South Africa, are an active, northward migrating dune field. Interdunal deflation hollows temporarily expose former land surfaces that are associated with archaeological sites. These open-air sites shed light on large-scale patterns of Middle and Later Stone Age settlement and augment the information gained from well-stratified, but spatially limited caves, rock shelters, and coastal shell middens. Based on paleopedological and sedimentological parameters, three former land surfaces were identified and associated with different assemblages. A chronostratigraphy of the various land surfaces was established by applying optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The youngest former land surface is represented by a dune generation (AD2) which stabilized at a maximum of 5 ka. An older dune generation (AD1) shows a more heterogeneous age pattern where deposition started at ca. 27 ka with a maximum estimated age of stabilization at ca. 10 ka. Both of these dune generations overlie a weathered calcrete complex of Middle to Late Pleistocene age. While the third dune generation (AD0) was observed between underlying calcrete layers, samples taken from this unit could not be dated.

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Section: Archaeological Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoarchaeological and chronostratigraphical investigations of open‐air sites in the Geelbek Dunes, South Africa

et al. 2008

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“…Ostrich eggs were collected by recent Kalahari hunter-gathers as a source of protein and also for use of the shells as beads and water containers (35)(36)(37)(38). Hunter-gatherers typically puncture a hole in the top of the egg, using one or multiple techniques (drilling, punching, grinding, or hammering) (38,39).…”

Section: Ethnographic Parallels and Archaeological Evidence For Use Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hunter-gatherers typically puncture a hole in the top of the egg, using one or multiple techniques (drilling, punching, grinding, or hammering) (38,39). The ostrich eggshell then is used as a flask to store and transport various fluids, usually water.…”

Section: Ethnographic Parallels and Archaeological Evidence For Use Omentioning

confidence: 99%

A Howiesons Poort tradition of engraving ostrich eggshell containers dated to 60,000 years ago at Diepkloof Rock Shelter, South Africa

Texier

Porraz²,

Parkington

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

342

177

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Ongoing debates about the emergence of modern human behavior, however defined, regularly incorporate observations from the later part of the southern African Middle Stone Age and emphasize the early appearance of artifacts thought to reflect symbolic practice. Here we report a large sample of 270 fragments of intentionally marked ostrich eggshell from the Howiesons Poort at Diepkloof Rock Shelter, Western Cape, South Africa. Dating from ≈60,000 years ago, these pieces attest to an engraving tradition that is the earliest reliable evidence of what is a widespread modern practice. These abstract linear depictions were made on functional items (eggshell containers), which were curated and involved in daily hunter-gatherer life. The standardized production of repetitive patterns, including a hatched band motif, suggests a system of symbolic representation in which collective identities and individual expressions are clearly communicated, suggesting social, cultural, and cognitive underpinnings that overlap with those of modern people.

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“…2 En el caso de los fragmentos de cáscaras de huevo de Rheidae con perforaciones mencionados en este trabajo (sitios Paso Otero 4 y Loma de los Morteros), nos inclinamos a interpretarlos como parte de contenedores de líquidos y no como preformas de cuentas debido a la presencia de pequeños lascados en la superficie interna de las cáscaras, que se forman como producto de los impactos generados sobre la parte exterior de los huevos para producir los orificios (Kandel 2004). Por el contrario, la formatización de las cuentas sobre cáscaras de huevo generalmente involucra la perforación a partir de la superficie cóncava interna, produciéndose lascados en el borde del orificio sobre la superficie cortical del huevo (Orton 2008).…”

Section: Notasunclassified

Diseños Fragmentados: Circulación Social de Imágenes Sobre Huevos de Rheidae en Pampa y Norpatagonia

Carden

Martínez

2014

Bol. Mus. Chil. Arte Precolomb.

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En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis de la decoración de fragmentos de cáscara de huevo de Rheidae recuperados en cuatro sitios arqueológicos del curso inferior del río Colorado, transición pampeano-patagónica oriental (Argentina). Estos diseños se comparan con los de las cáscaras decoradas de otras áreas de Pampa-Patagonia, incluyendo huevos enteros. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren una trayectoria temporal particular para la decoración de huevos de Rheidae, que se manifiesta con mayor intensidad durante parte del Holoceno Medio y el Holoceno Tardío inicial (ca. 5600-1000 años AP). Se concluye que la distribución espacial amplia de motivos semejantes, en conjunto con los patrones detectados en otras evidencias arqueológicas (i. e., materias primas líticas), señala un contexto de redes de interacción social abiertas entre los grupos cazadores-recolectores.Palabras clave: Pampa-Patagonia, Holoceno Medio y Tardío, cazadores-recolectores, cáscaras de huevo grabadas, diseños, redes sociales This work discusses the results of the analysis of decorated Rheidae eggshells recovered from four archaeological sites situated on the lower reaches of the Colorado River in the eastern PampaPatagonian transition (Argentina

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Modification of ostrich eggs by carnivores and its bearing on the interpretation of archaeological and paleontological finds

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Geoarchaeological and chronostratigraphical investigations of open‐air sites in the Geelbek Dunes, South Africa

Geoarchaeological and chronostratigraphical investigations of open‐air sites in the Geelbek Dunes, South Africa

A Howiesons Poort tradition of engraving ostrich eggshell containers dated to 60,000 years ago at Diepkloof Rock Shelter, South Africa

Diseños Fragmentados: Circulación Social de Imágenes Sobre Huevos de Rheidae en Pampa y Norpatagonia

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