Modification of porous suspension‐PVC particles by stabilizer‐free aqueous dispersion polymerization of absorbed acrylate monomers

Shach-Caplan, M.; Narkis, M.; Silverstein, Michael S.

doi:10.1002/pat.166

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…9-10, respectively), as in typical immiscible polymer blends [24]. The T g peaks of PBA are at about -22 °C, and of PEHA -56 °C, similar to literature reports [9,[25][26][27]. The neat PVC has a distinct T g at 64 °C and a wide β relaxation transition from -78 to 10 °C, attributed to the hindered segmental rotation about its main-chain axis [8,27].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The formation of semi-IPN is generally known to enable control of phase separation [7], promote compatibility between immiscible polymer pairs [7][8][9][10], and thus provide a method for generation of desired properties. 2 In the present study, a route for producing semi-IPNs based on PVC and polybutyl acrylate (PBA), or polyethylhexyl acrylate (PEHA), crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) is described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modification of porous PVC particles with polyacrylate elastomers using a surfactant-free aqueous dispersion polymerization technique

et al. 2009

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The modification of porous suspension-type polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles by an in-situ stabilizer-free polymerization/crosslinking of a monomer solution absorbed within the PVC particles is presented. The modifying polymers are polybutyl acrylate (PBA) and polyethylhexyl acrylate (PEHA) crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The effect of the unique blending procedure on the physical and mechanical properties of PVC has been investigated. The modified PVC characterizations includes polymerization yield, transparency, fracture surface morphology, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical properties, tensile properties, impact resistance and melt rheology. The polymer chains formed are dispersed as a separate phase as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and two separate glass transitions are observed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) system, typical of immiscible polymer blends. Mechanical properties of PVC/PEHA blends reveal a substantial increase in impact strength particularly when the blend is crosslinked; however, there is a decrease in the yield stress and elastic modulus. A shift from brittle failure to ductility has been observed in blends of PVC on incorporation of PEHA. SEM studies have been carried out to support these observations.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of porous PVC particles with polyacrylate elastomers using a surfactant-free aqueous dispersion polymerization technique

et al. 2009

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“…The current study focuses on commercial porous suspension PVC particles, modified by a polymerization/crosslinking process 7, 8, 17, 18. These authors suggested a structural model schematically illustrated in Figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small‐angle X‐ray scattering study of modified porous suspension–poly(vinyl chloride) particles

Shach-Caplan¹,

Haba²,

Narkis³

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was applied to investigate the microstructure of unmodified and modified porous commercial suspension-type poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) particles. The modified PVC particles were prepared by an in situ stabilizer-free polymerization/ crosslinking of particles absorbed with a monomer/ crosslinker/peroxide solution. The modifying polymers include styrene with or without divinyl benzene (DVB) as a crosslinker and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with or without ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker. The SAXS method was used to highlight the effect of polystyrene (PS) on the microstructure of PVC particles and to evaluate the characteristic lengths, both in the PVC/PS and the PVC/XPS (PS crosslinked with 0 and 5% DVB, respectively) systems. A model is suggested, where during the synthesis modification process, swelling of PVC by styrene and styrene polymerization occur simultaneously. PVC swelling by styrene causes destruction of the PVC subprimary particles, whereas styrene polymerization leads to phase separation resulting from incompatibility of the polymers. It was further suggested that because of PVC swelling by styrene, structure of the subprimary particles is lost. Therefore the characteristic lengths of PVC/PS and PVC/XPS, as calculated from the SAXS measurements, were attributed to the size of the phase-separated PS and XPS inclusions, respectively. The SAXS method also shows that PMMA and XPMMA do not influence the PVC microstructure.

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“…Thus, absorption of styrene and methyl methacrylate monomers in porous polypropylene particles and polymerization to form PP/PS and PP/PMMA blends was investigated by Rätzsch et al (29,30). Shach-Caplan et al (31,32) used PVC porous particles to absorb styrene, methyl methacrylate and other acrylate monomers. Polymerization of the monomer/peroxide solution absorbed in the PVC particles took place at 70°CϪ80°C, in surfactant-free aqueous dispersions to create various PVC blends.…”

Section: Department Of Chemical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of reactively extruded PVC/polystyrene blends

Haba

Narkis

2004

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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PVC/PS blends are obtained through a reactive extrusion–polymerization method by the absorption of a solution of styrene monomer, initiator, and a crosslinking agent in commercial suspension‐type porous polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles, forming a dry‐blend with a relatively high monomer content. These PVC/styrene dry‐blends are reactively polymerized in a twin‐screw extruder in the melt state. They do not contain monomer residues as detected by GC. The transparency, fracture surface morphology, thermal stability, rheology and static and dynamic mechanical properties of these blends are compared to physical PVC/PS blends at similar compositions. Owing to the high polymerization temperature (180°C), short PS chains are formed in the reactive extrusion process. These short chains are dispersed both as a separate phase of ∼2 μm particles (recognized by SEM) and also as molecularly dispersed chains enhancing plasticization and compatibilization. The molecularly dispersed short PS chains tend to plasticize the PVC phase, reducing its melt viscosity and glass transition temperature. The content of the short PS chains forming the dispersed separate PS particles is too low for DMTA to detect a separate Tg. Thus, reactively extruded PVC/PS blends exhibit single Tg transitions at lower temperatures compared with the neat PVC. Migration of the PVC's low‐molecular‐weight additives (lubricants and thermal stabilizer) to the PS phase is observed in the physical PVC/PS blends, causing antiplasticization of the PS phase. This results in both reduction of the Tg and an increase in the thermal stability of the PS phase in the physical PVC/PS blends. Comparing TGA thermograms of reactively extruded and physical PVC/PS indicates that the PS formed in the extruder is different from the commercial PS. This can stem from various chemical reactions that can take place in the studied reactive polymerization process. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1473–1483, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.

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Modification of porous suspension‐PVC particles by stabilizer‐free aqueous dispersion polymerization of absorbed acrylate monomers

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Modification of porous PVC particles with polyacrylate elastomers using a surfactant-free aqueous dispersion polymerization technique

Modification of porous PVC particles with polyacrylate elastomers using a surfactant-free aqueous dispersion polymerization technique

Small‐angle X‐ray scattering study of modified porous suspension–poly(vinyl chloride) particles

Development and characterization of reactively extruded PVC/polystyrene blends

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