Modification of PVC/ENR blend by electron beam irradiation: effect of crosslinking agents

Ratnam, Chantara Thevy; Zaman, Khairul

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(99)00017-8

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Number of crosslinks increased with irradiation dose which can be attributed to radiation induced chain scission process in PP matrix. 25,26 Tensile Strength decreases as the irradiation dose increases, which is shown in Figure 3. It was observed that the maximum tensile strength obtained for pure PP film sample i.e., 24.24 MPa.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effect of electron beam irradiation on mechanical and dielectric properties of polypropylene films

Pawde

Parab

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present investigation the effect of electron beam irradiation on the mechanical properties of thin films of Polypropylene (PP) were measured. The dielectric properties of PP films were carried out in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz at various DC bias potential. All measurements were carried out at room temperature. It is found that the electron beam irradiation caused an increase in Young's Modulus of PP film dose of up to 70 kGy were applied, but tensile strength and % elongation at break were found to be decrease with the increasing dose rate. The significant changes were observed in the case of dielectric constant and dielectric loss for electron irradiated PP films. The DSC results indicate that irradiation on PP films changes the thermal behavior. Minor differences in FTIR spectra were observed after irradiation treatment. It is observed that, the effect of radiation damage results in improvement in mechanical strength of the films. The increased dielectric constant and dependence of the bias voltage in case of irradiated and unirradiated PP films has been reported. It is suggested that, the PP films modified with the electron beam irradiation can be used as a good dielectric material for different electronic devices.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effect of electron beam irradiation on mechanical and dielectric properties of polypropylene films

Pawde

Parab

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Addition of TMPTA and TPGDA to RTR increases the elongation at break of RTR throughout the studied irradiation dose. The increase noted before irradiation is an attribute of lubrication effect rendered by the radiation sensitizers (Ratnam and Zaman, 1999b). Increase noted upon irradiation could be due to efficient crosslinking of short RTR chains by radiation sensitizers hence, restoring the elastic capacity of the rubber.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Whereas, in EVA/HVA2 composition, almost comparable elongation at break values to neat EVA was observed throughout the studied irradiation doses. The drop in elongation at break with increasing irradiation dose is an indication of loss of elastic properties (or increasing brittle behavior) as a consequence of increased crosslink density upon irradiation (Yasin et al, 2002, Ratnam andZaman, 1999b). EVA/TMPTA has the highest gel content, hence, the densest crosslink network, causing the more drastic deterioration in the elongation at break of EVA matrix (Shirodkar and Burford, 2001).…”

Section: Elongation At Breakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Ramarad

Ratnam

Khalid

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-degradable waste tire generation around the world is growing at an alarming rate. Diversifying the recycling route of these waste tires is essential to solve the problem. One way is to incorporate them into polymers and convert them into new products. However, incorporation of ground tire rubber into thermoplastics has been hampered due to lack of toughness and adhesion between phases. To address the issue, this study utilized reclaimed waste tire rubber (RTR) instead; and evaluated the properties of RTR and poly(ethyleneco-vinyl acetate) (EVA) blends. The properties of the RTR/EVA blends were further enhanced by compatibilization and electron beam irradiation.Processing, mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of RTR were tremendously improved by blending with EVA. However, the interfacial adhesion was found to lack in the blends. Compatibilization by reactive, physical and combination strategies were explored utilizing (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxy silane (APS), liquid styrene butadiene rubber (LR) and maleated EVA (MAEVA), respectively. APS and MAEVA were found to be the most and least favourable compatibilizer, respectively. Apart from functioning as reactive compatibilizer, APS also reclaimed the RTR phase further. These lead to improved dispersion of smaller RTR phase in EVA matrix and enhanced the interfacial adhesion.Electron beam irradiation revealed the presence of radical stabilizing and scavenging additives within RTR which retards the crosslinking process in RTR and RTR/EVA blends. Though chain scissions were predominant; study showed the replacement of S-S and S-C bonds with stronger and stiffer C-C bonds ensures the retention of RTR and RTR/EVA blends properties upon irradiation.Compatibilization of RTR/EVA blend by APS (50RTR/5APS) also improved the crosslinking efficiency. However, the blend still suffered from oxidative degradation from irradiation in air. Radiation sensitizers, trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) and N,N-1,3Phenylene Bismaleimide (HVA2), were used to accelerate the irradiation induced crosslinking in RTR and 50RTR/5APS blends. Presence of radiation sensitizers leads to simultaneous improvement in toughness and tensile strength of RTR and 50RTR/5APS blends. Elastic capacity of RTR phase was restored and interfacial adhesion enhanced in the presence of radiation sensitizers.iii

show abstract

“…Secondly, the cross-linking degree can be controlled throughout the applied irradiation dose (ID) before the foaming process. The process has found tremendous interest in the scientific community and there are plenty of articles in the literature regarding the effect of high energy electron radiation not only on the properties of NR, modified NR and their blends Almaslow et al, 2013;Banik and Bhowmick, 2000;Chirinos et al, 2003;Craciun et al, 2014;Hassan et al, 2007;Jing et al, 2013;Khalid et al, 2010;Manshaie et al, 2011;Mitra et al, 2008;Nabil and Ismail, 2014;Ratnam and Zaman, 1999;Ratnam et al, 2000;Sharif et al, 2005;Stelescu et al, 2014) but also on the properties of polyolefins such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) (Eaves, 1988;Khonakdara et al, 2006;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the irradiation dose in the cellular structure of natural rubber foams cross-linked by electron beam irradiation

Salmazo

Lopez‐Gil

Ariff

et al. 2016

Industrial Crops and Products

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tThis work focused on the production of natural rubber foams by cross-linking the polymer matrix using high energy electron beam at different irradiation doses (from 50 to 150 kGy) and foaming it with a chemical blowing agent. The aim was to study how the irradiation dose influenced the cellular structure morphology of the produced foams. This was accomplished by quantifying the evolution of cellular structure parameters, such as cell size and cell density, with respect to foaming time and irradiation dose. The results showed that the foams irradiated at the lowest dose are more prone to suffer cellular structure degeneration, resulting in the formation of bimodal cellular structures, while foams irradiated with the highest dose, exhibited more uniform cellular structure. In the latter case, the nucleation density clearly increased resulting in the formation of foams with homogeneous cellular structures and smaller cell sizes (≈20 m).

show abstract

Modification of PVC/ENR blend by electron beam irradiation: effect of crosslinking agents

Cited by 55 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of electron beam irradiation on mechanical and dielectric properties of polypropylene films

Effect of electron beam irradiation on mechanical and dielectric properties of polypropylene films

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Influence of the irradiation dose in the cellular structure of natural rubber foams cross-linked by electron beam irradiation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About