Modification of REM sleep behavior by REMs contingent auditory stimulation in man

Mouze-Amady, Marc; Sockeel, Pascal; Leconte, Pierre

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(86)90282-9

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Administration of extraocular light in this study resulted in an average within-subject increase in REM sleep of 31% during the lightexposure interval, with an absolute increase of up to 35 min. This degree of enhancement is comparable with or larger than the increase in REM sleep after administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (16,38,40), DHEA (12), or other modalities of sensory stimulation (2,7,28,29,33,45). As such, our finding that REM sleep is enhanced during extraocular light exposure may conceivably be used as a tool for studying the regulation of REM sleep as well as a novel approach to examining the relationship between REM sleep and memory in humans.…”

Section: Perspectivessupporting

confidence: 56%

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Enhancement of REM sleep during extraocular light exposure in humans

Murphy

Campbell

2001

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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This study examined the effects on sleep of light administered to an extraocular site. A 3-h photic stimulus was applied to the popliteal region during sleep in 14 human subjects. Each subject also underwent a control stimulus condition during a separate laboratory session. The proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the 3-h light administration session increased by an average of 31% relative to the control condition. The frequency but not the duration of REM episodes was altered during light exposure, thereby shortening the REM/non-REM (NREM) cycle length. No other sleep stages were significantly affected during light administration nor was sleep architecture altered after the light-exposure interval. These results confirm that extraocular light is transduced into a signal that is received and processed by the human central nervous system. In addition, they expand to a novel sensory modality previous findings that REM sleep can be enhanced by sensory stimulation.

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Section: Perspectivessupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Some reports have indicated that intense cognitive activity or visual stimulation before sleep onset increases REM sleep (6,43). In addition, a handful of studies in mammals (2,8,28,29,45), including one report in humans (33), indicates that various sensory stimuli administered during sleep result in acute REM-sleep enhancement.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of REM sleep during extraocular light exposure in humans

Murphy

Campbell

2001

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…REM sleep reflects a mental state with strong attenuation of sensory processing (Mouze‐Amady et al ., 1986; Bastuji & Garcia‐Larrea, 1999; Hobson & Pace‐Schott, 2002). In our analysis, auditory activation elicited upon stimulation was reduced during tonic and almost absent during phasic REM sleep periods, reflecting minimal cortical processing of external information during the latter stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This corresponds to a reversion from a default baseline state with high activity to a level with lower overall activity, as described by Gusnard & Raichle (2001). Previous studies in animal models have reported controversial findings on transient increases (Drucker‐Colin et al ., 1983) or decreases (Mouze‐Amady et al ., 1986; Suntsova et al ., 2000) in phasic activity upon stimulation during REM sleep. Our findings support a phasic to tonic transition in response to acoustic stimuli, which can be explained by switching to a higher level of arousal with raised sensitivity to environmental changes, followed by subsequent re‐established phasic REM activity (Vazquez et al ., 1998; Suntsova et al ., 2000; Voss, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional microstates within human REM sleep: first evidence from fMRI of a thalamocortical network specific for phasic REM periods

Wehrle

Kaufmann

Wetter

et al. 2007

Eur J of Neuroscience

202

138

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High thalamocortical neuronal activity characterizes both, wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but apparently this network fulfills other roles than processing external information during REM sleep. To investigate thalamic and cortical reactivity during human REM sleep, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging with simultaneous polysomnographic recordings while applying acoustic stimulation. Our observations indicate two distinct functional substates within general REM sleep. Acoustic stimulation elicited a residual activation of the auditory cortex during tonic REM sleep background without rapid eye movements. By contrast, periods containing bursts of phasic activity such as rapid eye movements appear characterized by a lack of reactivity to sensory stimuli. We report a thalamocortical network including limbic and parahippocampal areas specifically active during phasic REM periods. Thus, REM sleep has to be subdivided into tonic REM sleep with residual alertness, and phasic REM sleep with the brain acting as a functionally isolated and closed intrinsic loop.

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“…In humans, an increase in both REM sleep duration and sleep efficiency occurs when acoustic stimulation is started at the beginning of REM sleep, whereas a disruptive effect with a larger number of awakenings has been reported when the stimulation starts near the end of a REM episode (Salin-Pascual et al, 1991 ). Increased REM sleep duration was also correlated with a pronounced decrease in the density of REMs (Mouze-Amady et al, 1986 ), and to a better retention of memories in a Morse code learning task (Guerrien et al, 1989 ). Nevertheless, despite several reports indicating that acoustic stimulation lengthens REM sleep, the behavioral impact of this manipulation requires further investigation.…”

Section: Acoustic Stimulation Outside Nrem Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of sleep slow waves: underlying mechanisms and practical consequences

Bellesi¹,

Riedner²,

Garcia-Molina³

et al. 2014

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

206

197

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Even modest sleep restriction, especially the loss of sleep slow wave activity (SWA), is invariably associated with slower electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during wake, the occurrence of local sleep in an otherwise awake brain, and impaired performance due to cognitive and memory deficits. Recent studies not only confirm the beneficial role of sleep in memory consolidation, but also point to a specific role for sleep slow waves. Thus, the implementation of methods to enhance sleep slow waves without unwanted arousals or lightening of sleep could have significant practical implications. Here we first review the evidence that it is possible to enhance sleep slow waves in humans using transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Since these methods are currently impractical and their safety is questionable, especially for chronic long-term exposure, we then discuss novel data suggesting that it is possible to enhance slow waves using sensory stimuli. We consider the physiology of the K-complex (KC), a peripheral evoked slow wave, and show that, among different sensory modalities, acoustic stimulation is the most effective in increasing the magnitude of slow waves, likely through the activation of non-lemniscal ascending pathways to the thalamo-cortical system. In addition, we discuss how intensity and frequency of the acoustic stimuli, as well as exact timing and pattern of stimulation, affect sleep enhancement. Finally, we discuss automated algorithms that read the EEG and, in real-time, adjust the stimulation parameters in a closed-loop manner to obtain an increase in sleep slow waves and avoid undesirable arousals. In conclusion, while discussing the mechanisms that underlie the generation of sleep slow waves, we review the converging evidence showing that acoustic stimulation is safe and represents an ideal tool for slow wave sleep (SWS) enhancement.

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Modification of REM sleep behavior by REMs contingent auditory stimulation in man

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Enhancement of REM sleep during extraocular light exposure in humans

Enhancement of REM sleep during extraocular light exposure in humans

Functional microstates within human REM sleep: first evidence from fMRI of a thalamocortical network specific for phasic REM periods

Enhancement of sleep slow waves: underlying mechanisms and practical consequences

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