Modification of Rubber by Cardanol-Formaldehyde Resins and Epoxidized Cardanol

Thiện, Đỗ Trường; Khôi, Nguyễn Văn; Khang, Do Quang; Luyen, Dang Van

doi:10.1080/10601329608011021

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…15 The reinforcement of synthetic polymers such as cardinol-formaldehyde, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polyaniline, resorcinol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins in various rubbers has been studied to improve the mechanical properties. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The reinforcement of phenolic resins with chloroprene, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and NBR, and epoxy resin with SBR through in situ polymerisation has also been discussed. [23][24][25] The resin reinforcements for NBR are prepared by most common methods such as in situ polymerization, solution, melt mixing, blending, coating and latex blending.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach with prepregs for reinforcing nitrile rubber with phenolic and benzoxazine resins

et al. 2014

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach with prepregs for reinforcing nitrile rubber with phenolic and benzoxazine resins

et al. 2014

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“…The cardanol-based novolac type phenolic resins may be synthesized to replicate the performance of conventional phenolic resins, which when epoxidised with epichlorohydrin (ECH), can produce polyepoxide resins with improved properties (Do et al, 1996;Unnikrishnan and Thachil, 2006;Campaner et al, 2009). To achieve some other important properties, epoxy resins are often modified with other polymeric compounds and cardanol (Schmolzer and Verdino, 1980;Tominaga and Hirata, 1980;Ramasri et al, 1985;Thien et al, 1996;Aggarwal et al, 2007;Li, 2008;Unnikrishnan and Thachil, 2008;Yu et al, 2009b;Chen et al, 2009;Hu et al, 2009;Yadav and Srivastava, 2010). Cardanol has been used with epoxy resins as cardanol-formaldehyde resins, and as a curing agent (Thien et al, 1996;Sato et al, 2008;Shi et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve some other important properties, epoxy resins are often modified with other polymeric compounds and cardanol (Schmolzer and Verdino, 1980;Tominaga and Hirata, 1980;Ramasri et al, 1985;Thien et al, 1996;Aggarwal et al, 2007;Li, 2008;Unnikrishnan and Thachil, 2008;Yu et al, 2009b;Chen et al, 2009;Hu et al, 2009;Yadav and Srivastava, 2010). Cardanol has been used with epoxy resins as cardanol-formaldehyde resins, and as a curing agent (Thien et al, 1996;Sato et al, 2008;Shi et al, 2009). In some cases, it is also used with phenol-formaldehyde resins to enhance the film properties (Nieu et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐curable epoxide resins based on cardanol for use in surface coatings

Shukla

Kumar

2011

Pigment &Amp; Resin Technology

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to develop eco-friendly coatings based on low-cost epoxide resins prepared by using a natural phenolic material such as cardanol (non-toxic), in place of ordinary phenol (toxic), which can be self-curable at an optimum temperature. Design/methodology/approach -Cardanol-formaldehyde novolac resins (CNs) were prepared by reacting cardanol with formaldehyde in different molar ratios varying from 1:0.6 to 1:0.9. Prepared CNs were epoxidised by reacting with epichlorohydrin to produce epoxide resins, which would be called as epoxidised CNs (ECNs). Further, ECNs were modified by reacting with diethanolamine (DEtOA), a secondary amine to introduce tertiary amino group(s) into the molecules, required for self-curability of ECNs. These modified ECNs are referred to as MECNs. The molar ratio of ECNs to DEtOA was taken in accordance with epoxy functionality of epoxide resins (ECNs) which ranged from 0.5 to 2.9. Nine numbers of MECNs (MECN 1 to MECN 9 ) were prepared by using four epoxide resins. These resins viz. CNs, ECNs and MECNs were characterized by 1 H NMR and FTIR spectroscopic methods for their structure elucidatation, and by gel permeation chromatography for determining their molecular weights. Findings -The most suitable molar ratio of ECN:DEtOA for the preparation of MECNs was found to be 1:1. The CN prepared by using cardanol and formaldehyde in the molar ratio of 1:0.7 was used for the preparation of ECN 2 and MECN 2 . Applied films of epoxide resins, designated as MECN 2 , had reasonably good physical and chemical resistance properties. With a wide cure window, the films of MECN 2 were found to be self-curable at an optimum cure schedule of 1608C/30 min. Owing to self-curability of the developed epoxide resins, the coatings based on them did not require any additional/external crosslinker to be incorporated in the coating composition.Research limitations/implications -The prepared epoxide resins (MECNs) had good physical and chemical resistance properties, but demonstrated low stability and low resistance to xylene, in particular. Originality/value -The paper shows how the epoxide resins were prepared by using a low-cost phenolic material (cardanol) which is obtained from natural renewable resources, instead of petroleum, and is non-toxic. These developed coatings can be applied as primer coat and top coat on metallic substrates. True self-curability of the coating films has been achieved via anionic polymerization.

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“…The properties of natural rubber modifi ed with phosphorylated cashewnut shell liquid (PCNSL) have been compared with the performance of another plasticizer, 2-ethyl hexyl diphenyl phosphate (Santicizer 141) (10) by Pillai et al Phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid modifi ed NR vulcanizates showed better tensile properties and resistance to thermo-oxidative decomposition and fl ame compared to those containing similar dosages of Santicizer 141. Modifi cation of rubber by cardanol formaldehyde resins and epoxidised cardanol (11) has attracted the attention of another group. The adhesive properties of blends of cardanol- resole resin with poly chloroprene is another recently explored subject (12) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Cardanol as Plasticizer for Silica-Filled Natural Rubber

Alexander

Kurian

Thachil

2007

Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology

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Cardanol is the main ingredient of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), an agrobyproduct. Its comparative merits for plasticizing silica-fi lled natural rubber (NR) is the subject of this paper. Aromatic oil is the conventional plasticizer employed for such compounding requirements. The mechanical properties, ageing behavior and torque time curves during cure of NR plasticized by both these materials are compared under identical conditions. It has been established that cardanol, when used as plasticizer, gives rise to similar mechanical properties in NR vulcanizate, shorter cure times and superior ageing behavior. The study also underlines the need for optimization of cardanol content for plasticization.

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Modification of Rubber by Cardanol-Formaldehyde Resins and Epoxidized Cardanol

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

A new approach with prepregs for reinforcing nitrile rubber with phenolic and benzoxazine resins

A new approach with prepregs for reinforcing nitrile rubber with phenolic and benzoxazine resins

Self‐curable epoxide resins based on cardanol for use in surface coatings

Effectiveness of Cardanol as Plasticizer for Silica-Filled Natural Rubber

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