Modification of SWCNTs with hybrid materials ZnO–Ag and ZnO–Au for enhancing bactericidal activity of phagocytic cells against Escherichia coli through NOX2 pathway

Abstract

Zinc oxide-silver (ZnO–Ag), and zinc oxide-gold (ZnO–Au) nano-composites were prepared through wet chemical process and laced into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to yield ZnO–Ag-SWCNTs, and ZnO–Au-SWCNTs hybrids. These nano-composite-laced SWCNTs hybrids were characterized using Raman spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The hybrids were evaluated for their effects on phagocytic cells and bactericidal activity against the gram-negative bacteria E. coli. Their phagocytic cell activities and intracellular killing actions were found to be significantly increased, as the ZnO–Ag-SWCNTs and ZnO–Au-SWCNTs nano-hybrids induced widespread clearance of Escherichia coli. An increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also led to upregulated phagocytosis, which was determined mechanistically to involve the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) pathway. The findings emphasized the roles of ZnO–Ag- and ZnO–Au-decorated SWCNTs in the prevention of bacterial infection by inhibiting biofilm formation, showing the potential to be utilized as catheter coatings in the clinic.

Biogenic copper oxide nanoparticles from Bacillus coagulans induced reactive oxygen species generation and apoptotic and anti-metastatic activities in breast cancer cells

“…The spectroscopic analysis of BC-CuONPs was performed within the range of 200–800 nm using an ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer (UV 1601, Shimadzu Corp, Japan) 43 , 44 . One drop of the BC-CuONPs solution was placed on the copper-coated carbon grades after the ultrasonic treatment of BC-CuONPs for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis to determine the size and morphology of BC-CuONPs; nevertheless, the EDX spectrum revealed the elemental constituent of the prepared sample (Leo 906, Zeiss100 KV model, Germany) 39 , 45 . For field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) preparation, the samples were spread on a silica sheet and dried at room temperature.…”

Synthesis and characterization of nano crystallite plaster of Paris prepared from waste eggshells and exploration of cytotoxicity, hemolysis and antimicrobial properties

“…The crystallite size was measured engaging the Scherrer equation as presented in eqn (6). 11 The mentioned parameters for plaster of Paris of monoclinic crystal and I2(5) space group were computed utilizing eqn ( 6)-( 10) and the details of these equations are documented in the published articles. [28][29][30] Crystallite size,…”

“…The direction of growth is expressed by the plane preference of the crystal, which can be estimated from the relative intensities of the sample by comparing the intensities of the standard. The relative intensity (RI) of a specific plane, here (200), can be calculated from eqn (11). 31 Relative intensity,…”

“…9,10 The concern related to the interaction between the applied materials and the immune system is another major issue in biomaterial applications. 11 To minimize such problems, a bio-origin of the biomaterials can be a good choice for safe application. Calcium sulfate-based compounds are found in nature as gypsum (CaSO 4 Á2H 2 O) and anhydrite (CaSO 4 ), which further can be converted to plaster of Paris.…”

Sorption analysis of composites based on zinc oxide for catalysis and medical materials science

“…Another important area of zinc oxide application -developments in the field of medical materials science -is also associated with heterosystems [18,19]. In dental applications, the leading positions are occupied by hydroxyapatite (HA) and composite materials based on it.…”