The steel surface (ХГС) was irradiated with a high-current electron beam. A high-current electron beam was obtained in the TEMP-A accelerator. Steel samples were made from drum mill balls. The balls had varying degrees of wear. The mechanical and microstructural characteristics were studied. Applied methods: measurement of hardness, tensile strength, fractographic and metallographic analysis. An increase in hardness was found for all samples. An increase in the surface hardness of the samples occurred as a result of the conversion of austenite to martensite and lower bainite. A significant effect on the increase in surface hardness of the samples is also exerted by the process of the appearance of carbides.