Modification of the ammonium acetate extractant for the determination of exchangeable cations in calcareous soils

Normandin, Vicki; Kotuby‐Amacher, J.; Miller, Robert O.

doi:10.1080/00103629809370069

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…One soil sample was collected with an auger to a depth of 20 cm at 5-m intervals beneath Artemisia shrubs and within interspaces for a total of 20 under-shrub and 20 inter-space samples per 100-m transect. For each group, the 20 samples were mixed together and analysed for pH (Rhoades 1982), total nitrogen (McGeehan and Naylor 1988), total phosphorus (Olsen et al 1954), % organic matter (Walkley and Black 1934), and exchangeable calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium (Normandin et al 1998). A folded aspect value (i.e.…”

Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of climate and environment on post-fire recovery of mountain big sagebrush

Nelson

Weisberg

Kitchen

2014

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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Abstract. In arid and semi-arid landscapes around the world, wildfire plays a key role in maintaining species diversity. Dominant plant associations may depend upon particular fire regime characteristics for their persistence. Mountain shrub communities in high-elevation landscapes of the Intermountain West, USA, are strongly influenced by the post-fire recovery dynamics of the obligate-seeding shrub, mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana [Rydb.] Beetle). This species is a short-distance disperser with a short-lived seedbank, leading to highly variable post-fire recovery times (15-100 years). We investigated the relative importance of site productivity and seasonal climate in explaining the variance in recovery time for 36 fires, comprising a fire chrono-sequence (from 1971 to 2007) for the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau. A. t. vaseyana recovery was positively related to precipitation in the cool season immediately following fire, likely because deep soil-water recharge that persists throughout the growing season enhances first-year seedling survival. Percentage sand fraction positively correlated with recovery rate yet negatively correlated with live cover in unburnt stands. Our data support the hypothesis that post-fire recovery rate of A. t. vaseyana depends on the climatically controlled ephemerality of the regeneration niche, as is likely true for many arid-land shrub species.

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Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of climate and environment on post-fire recovery of mountain big sagebrush

Nelson

Weisberg

Kitchen

2014

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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“…This finding could be related to the low variability of pH values found in the present study. Additionally, the pH of soil is an important factor that influences different fractions in which calcium and magnesium can be distributed (speciation), influencing solubility, extractability and bioavailability (Bibak et al, 1998;Normandin et al, 1998). Therefore, future research would be needed in this subject to know how pH influences the distribution of these elements in the different physical-chemical forms at which they can appear, and consequently their bioavailability by plants.…”

Section: Calcium and Magnesium Concentrations In Sugar Cane Samples: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcium and magnesium are absorbed by plants, and their bioavailability mainly depends on the mobility and extractability of both elements from soil (Pinto et al, 1995;Pombo, 1995;Normandin et al, 1998). A high amount of calcium present in the plant is a result of high element levels existing in the soil more than the plant's uptake efficiency, the velocity of the plant's transpiration (Michael and Marschner, 1962;Lazaroff and Pitman, 1966;Sawan et al, 1997), or the addition of liming materials to soil (Hettiarachchi and Sinclair, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Agricultural Soil and Sewage Sludge in an Industrial Area from Southeastern Spain: Relationship with Plant (Saccharum officinarum) Disposition

Jodral-Segado

Navarro-Alarcón

Serrana

et al. 2006

Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal

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This investigation was initiated to assess the following objectives: (1) to measure the total calcium and magnesium content in agricultural soil and sewage sludge from the Mediterranean coastal area of Motril (southeastern Spain); (2) to determine the pH values of indicated samples in order to IntroductionCalcium is readily evident in alkaline soil and is very scarce in very acidic silicon soil. Weathering and rainfall in the area has a large impact on the chemical composition and calcium levels in the surrounding soil. In soil from arid or semiarid zones, high calcium concentrations have been found (Ganor and Mamame, 1982; Löye-Pilot et al., 1986;Young et al., 1988). Lower levels of acidity, less rainfall, and therefore less erosion, enhance the stability of minerals like the calcium in the soil's clay. As a result, the high calcium content will tend to flocculate in the upper profile of the soil's clay (Ruhe, 1984). Phillips and Chiy (2002), after applying sodium fertilizers, observed an enhancement of calcium concentrations in leachate. Similarly, an increase in calcium, magnesium, and pH values was observed in tropical agricultural soil after applying compost (Slattery et al., 2002;Soumare et al., 2003).In soil, magnesium is present mainly in inorganic compounds, although considerable amounts also appear associated with the organic material in humus (Sutcliffe and Baker, 1983). It is known that the principal portion of exchangeable magnesium is associated with clay particles. Exhaustion of the soluble magnesium cation in the soil by microorganisms and the plant's roots provokes uptake of the solid (non-soluble) mineral, which affects the nonexchangeable fraction. On the other hand, when the soil's acidity increases, a diminishment of available magnesium is observed due to the fact that hydrogen ions occupy a high number of the exchange sites (Sutcliffe and Baker, 1983). Studies indicate that in coastal areas magnesium enters the atmosphere from the sea because this element is one of the main constituents of marine aerosols.It is known that magnesium uptake by plants is affected by the presence of other cations such as ammonium, potassium, manganese, and sulphur (Pessarakli, 1995; Phillips and Chiy, 2002). For high levels of pH, the ratios of Mg/Ca, Mg/K and Mg/Al, rather than the magnesium concentration alone, are related to the element flux in plants (Rengel and Robinson, 1990).The existence of calcium and magnesium in soil is related to several factors, including geographic location, type of rock, pH, nature of drainage water, clay content, cation exchange capacity, weathering and climatic conditions, and type of plant grown (Young et al.,

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“…Soil EC e and pH measurements were made on saturated paste extracts following the method given by Richards (1954) using Oakton CON 6 conductivity meter (Oakton Instruments, IL) and Thermo Scientific Orion 3 star bench top pH meter (Thermo Scientific, Inc. MA). Soluble cations (Na + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) were analyzed (Normandin et al, 1998). Exchangeable cations were then determined by subtracting soluble cations from total extractable cations.…”

Section: Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching and reclamation of a biochar and compost amended saline–sodic soil with moderate SAR reclaimed water

Chaganti

Crohn

Šimůnek

2015

Agricultural Water Management

182

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a b s t r a c tRemediating saline-sodic soils with organic amendments is increasingly seen as a cheaper and sustainable alternative to inorganic materials. The reclamation potential of biochar, biosolids and greenwaste composts applied to a saline-sodic soil was evaluated in a laboratory leaching experiment using moderate SAR reclaimed water. Treatments included biochar, biosolids co-compost, greenwaste compost (all applied at a 75 t ha −1 rate), gypsum (50% soil gypsum requirement), biochar + gypsum, biosolids + gypsum, greenwaste + gypsum and a non-amended control. All treatments were subjected to a one month incubation after which, soils were filled in columns and leached using reclaimed water until 7 PV of water had passed. Cumulative leachate losses of Na + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ were evaluated in addition to soil properties after leaching. Results show that leaching with moderate SAR water was effective in reducing the soil salinity and sodicity of all soils, irrespective of amendment application. However, incorporating biochar and composts significantly enhanced this effect. Salt leaching was higher in soils treated with organic amendments. Cumulative leachate losses of cations were significantly higher from biochar and compost treated soils compared to gypsum and unamended controls. Improvements in soil aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity were prominent in compost treated soils. After leaching, soil analyses indicated that organic amendments lowered significantly more soil EC e , ESP and SAR than that of the control soils and saturated the exchange complex with Ca 2+ . Soil pH was significantly reduced and CEC was significantly increased in only compost treated soils. Although individual organic amendment applications proved to be significant enough to remediate a saline-sodic soil, combined applications of gypsum and organic amendments were more effective in improving soil properties directly related to sodium removal including sodium leaching, hydraulic conductivity, ESP, and SAR, and therefore could have a supplementary benefit of accelerating the reclamation process.

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Modification of the ammonium acetate extractant for the determination of exchangeable cations in calcareous soils

Cited by 43 publications

References 1 publication

Influence of climate and environment on post-fire recovery of mountain big sagebrush

Influence of climate and environment on post-fire recovery of mountain big sagebrush

Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Agricultural Soil and Sewage Sludge in an Industrial Area from Southeastern Spain: Relationship with Plant (Saccharum officinarum) Disposition

Leaching and reclamation of a biochar and compost amended saline–sodic soil with moderate SAR reclaimed water

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