Modification of the dynamic swelling behaviour of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels in water through interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs)

Ramaraj, B.; Radhakrishnan, Ganga

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(94)90245-3

Cited by 76 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This obviously results in a suppressed water imbibition. Some workers have reported an increase in the glass transition temperature (T g ) of the polymer with increasing cross-link density so that glassy nature of the matrix does not permit loosening of the macromolecular chains which results in lower water sorption [27].…”

Section: Effect Of Mbamentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing polyethylene glycol (PEG) – plasticized membranes of poly(vinyl alcohol-g-methyl methacrylate) and investigation of water sorption and blood compatibility behaviors

Jain

Bajpai

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based semi-IPNs have been widely used as hydrogel matrices in tissue engineering applications because of their inherent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. Today, synthetic scaffolds are being widely used in tissue engineering and allied applications because they offer the ability to precisely control the mechanical properties, morphology, and blood compatibility of the materials. In this regard, an attempt has been made to develop scaffolds membranes by judiciously combining PEG, polyvinyl alcohol, and polymethyl methacrylate. The so prepared hydrogel membranes were undertaken for structural, morphological, and thermal characterization using FTIR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and DSC techniques, respectively. The hydrogel films were investigated for water sorption capacity under various experimental conditions such as changing chemical composition of the membrane, different pH, and temperature of the swelling media and varying simulated biological fluids. The hydrogel membranes were also studied for their catholicity and in vitro blood compatibility property by following several tests such as blood clot formation, percent haemolysis, and protein adsorption.

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Section: Effect Of Mbamentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing polyethylene glycol (PEG) – plasticized membranes of poly(vinyl alcohol-g-methyl methacrylate) and investigation of water sorption and blood compatibility behaviors

Jain

Bajpai

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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“…Elasticity modulus (E) values of hydrogels were calculated from slope of the initial linear segment of the stress-strain curves. It was then possible to calculate M c (Equation 6) after evaluating φ m using Equation 7.…”

Section: Mechanical Behavior Of Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many approaches have been developed to improve their mechanical strength. These include using special co-monomers, changing the type and concentration of the cross-linking agent, optimizing polymerization conditions, forming interpenetrating polymer networks, and radiation cross-linking, among others [5][6][7] . The main advantage of radiation over conventional chemical methods for the preparation of biomaterials relies in its ability to modify macromolecules under fairly mild conditions, without additives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of pH and temperature responsive poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acrylamide) hydrogels

Rapado¹,

Péniche

2015

Polímeros

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SbstractAcrylamide/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogels were prepared by simultaneous radiation-induced cross-linking copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and water mixtures at a radiation dose of 10 kGy. Hydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Dynamic and equilibrium swelling of hydrogels in water and in buffer solutions were investigated. They were sensitive to pH and temperature. Swelling was non-Fickean and increased with increasing the acrylamide content. Temperature dependence of the equilibrium water uptake of copolymers exhibited a discontinuity around 35 °C resulting from the weakening of the hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of HEMA and the amide groups of AAm. The thermodynamic and network parameters derived from swelling and mechanical measurements are compared and discussed. They exhibit a strong dependence on the AAm content in the hydrogel. These hydrogels can be considered for applications in fields requiring environmentally responsive hydrogels such as medicine, pharmacy and bioengeneering.

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“…The equilibrium water content, EWC (see Eq. 2.1), is a measure of the amount of water absorbed by hydrogels and is a function of the hydrophilicity and network structure of the base polymer [95]. It dictates mechanical properties of the gel, ion permeability, and can be correlated to hydrogel pore size, making it the most valuable and telling characteristic of hydrogels [96].…”

Section: Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crosslinking density, defined as the number of polymer chain crosslinks divided by the number of monomers, can be used to fine-tune water and solute diffusion within the polymer matrix, qualities very relevant in application to the gel-cell. A correlative value to cross linking density in hydrogels is the equilibrium water content (EWC), which is determined by the weight difference between fully hydrated hydrogel and it's dehydrated equivalent [95,162], as shown in Equation 4.3:…”

Section: Water Content Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bio-inspired Excitable Cardiac Cell Membrane from Electroactive Polymers: Ion Transport Studies

Moored

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The heart is an incredibly efficient biological pump, which contracts as a whole from the coordinated effort of millions of excitable cells called cardiac myocytes. These cells are considered excitable since they possess the ability to respond to a threshold activation signal, but only if sufficient time has passed and they have recovered from their previous excitation. Excitable cells also have the capacity to propagate an activation signal to their neighboring cells, and collectively are referred to as an excitable medium. Numerous examples of excitable media exist in nature, including the heart, forest fires, the intestine, nerves, and certain kinds of chemical reactions. Engineered artificial excitable media, however, have never been developed before.The long-term goal of this project, therefore, is to develop the first such artificial excitable medium from an array of artificial excitable cells, called gel-cells. The conceptual design of the gel-cell consists of a thin electroactive ion-gating membrane (polypyrrole), sandwiched between two layers of hydrated polymer (hydrogel) loaded with different concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl aq ) electrolytes. The voltage controlled artificial membrane initially confines ions to the upper chamber of the gelcell, and releases them upon membrane opening into the lower chamber, a process similar to membrane activation in cardiac myocytes. Potassium sensing electrodes embedded throughout the gel-cell provide feedback on the location and concentration of ions within the gel-cell, becoming markers for its activation. The scope of the research presented here was to construct the biomimetic cell membrane portion of the gel-cell, and study ion transport through its assembly.First, the electrochemical response of polypyrrole (PPy) was characterized via cyclic voltammetry, and its membrane morphology and thickness were observed via scanning electron microscopy. Experimentally obtained membrane thickness values were then compared to model predictions, which were subsequently improved by updating membrane density and structure assumptions. Hydrogel pore size approximations were correlated to equilibrium water content calculations, and KCl aq concentrations were quantified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Time-resolved KCl aq flux experiments were performed on PPy membranes in solution, providing real-time concentration profiles of KCl aq as it passes through the membrane. From the parameter space tested, the optimal membrane preparation and gating potentials were selected which produced the highest flux rates. Time-lapse flux experiments (providing piece-wise concentration profiles for KCl aq ) were then performed on PPy membranes in both solution and hydrogel. Ion transport through two nearly identical membranes produced under different deposition conditions (PPy a and PPy b ) were compared in solution. The slightly denser and thicker membrane (PPy b ) produced nearly an order of magnitude higher flux rates than PPy a , suggesting that an active comp...

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Modification of the dynamic swelling behaviour of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels in water through interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs)

Cited by 76 publications

References 21 publications

Designing polyethylene glycol (PEG) – plasticized membranes of poly(vinyl alcohol-g-methyl methacrylate) and investigation of water sorption and blood compatibility behaviors

Designing polyethylene glycol (PEG) – plasticized membranes of poly(vinyl alcohol-g-methyl methacrylate) and investigation of water sorption and blood compatibility behaviors

Synthesis and characterization of pH and temperature responsive poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acrylamide) hydrogels

A Bio-inspired Excitable Cardiac Cell Membrane from Electroactive Polymers: Ion Transport Studies

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