Modification of the Female Figure Identification Technique (FFIT) Formulas to Include Plus Size Bodies

Sokolowski, Susan L.; Bettencourt, Chrissy

doi:10.15221/20.22

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The body shape classifications proposed in the existing literature are based on various anthropometric measures. [29][30][31][32] However, unfortunately, the working principle of existent schemes suffers on one fundamental front which is the consideration of linear measures to enumerate the body shape. This research fundaments the idea that the curvature exhibited in the upper human body is, in fact, the consequence of deviations from straightness.…”

Section: Proposed Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of male upper body shape: An innovative approach

Kousar,

Babar Ramzan,

Arif Cheema

et al. 2023

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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This study aims at the proposition of a novel strategy to classify the upper body silhouette of the male population into different shapes. Instead of using an existing measuring scheme based on linear evaluation of the body, we devise the use of angle-based anthropometric data to capture the exhibited curvature of the upper body. The objectives are attained by quantifying and employing the chest-waist (CW) angle and hip-waist (HW) angle in the instigation of a more appropriate classification of the upper body. A sample of 241 males aged 17–29 years was scanned through a 3D body scanner to gather the anthropometric data including chest girth, waist girth, and hip girth and their respective heights. In the next phase, the extracted information was used to calculate the angles. Based on the empirical realizations of the resulting indices, criteria defining the classifications of the body shape were determined. The operational environment is further enriched by considering varying levels of angular differences capable of offering more notable stratification of the upper male body shapes. It is realized that the angular difference of 10° between the CW and HW angles results in the more prominent classification of the upper male body. The proposed body classification technique classifies the sample of 241 males into three body shapes that are, straight (61%), hourglass (36.51%), and torch shape (2.48%). The classification scheme proposed in this study is a step toward achieving a high degree of customer satisfaction regarding clothing fit. It is a reference for coming research in body shape classification to achieve clothing fit in customized clothing.

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Section: Proposed Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of male upper body shape: An innovative approach

Kousar,

Babar Ramzan,

Arif Cheema

et al. 2023

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A quantitative scheme was introduced by Lee et al . (30) and recently adapted by Sokolowski and Bettencourt (31), dividing female body shapes into “Hourglass,” “Rectangle,” “Triangle” and “Inverted Triangle,” “Oval” and “Diamond.” The type “Hourglass” is subdivided into “Ideal Hourglass,” “Top Hourglass” and “Bottom Hourglass.” The body shape “Bottom hourglass” progresses into “Spoon” (see Fig. 6).…”

Section: Body Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Body shape classification a) for woman body shape classification according to Sokolowski and Bettencourt (31) basing on Lee et al . (30) (girths: b = bust, w = waist, h = hip) and b) for men.…”

Section: Body Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chest girth is often neglected. A quantitative scheme was introduced by Lee et al (30) and recently adapted by Sokolowski and Bettencourt (31), dividing female body shapes into "Hourglass," "Rectangle," "Triangle" and "Inverted Triangle," "Oval" and "Diamond." The type "Hourglass" is subdivided into "Ideal Hourglass," "Top Hourglass" and "Bottom Hourglass."…”

Section: Body Shape In Fashionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposed Body Surface Area—A Determinate for UV Radiant Energy in Human UV Exposure Studies

Schmalwieser

2022

Photochem & Photobiology

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Solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure of people and related health risk is mainly examined by estimating the received UV radiant exposure. However, for several effects such as DNA damage, vitamin D photosynthesis or the probability of developing skin cancer, UV radiant energy is important and with that the size of exposed skin area. There is also a complex interaction between body shape and behavior like sun exposure habits, so that careful analysis is necessary when estimating health effects from UV exposure. In this paper, knowledge on body shape and methods of calculating the total body surface area (BSA) are summarized. BSA depends mainly on the height and weight of a person as well as on gender, ethnicity and body shape. BSA and body shape differ significantly between different populations and both change during life. This paper proposes formulas for BSA that consider height, weight, gender, ethnicity and body shape. As the exposed BSA depends on clothing, finally an approach is presented which aims to calculate the size of body parts released by real garments. In summary, this paper will enable future researchers to quantify the exposed BSA by best matching their study population and consequently investigate risks caused by solar UV exposure.

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“…Nine body shapes were identified for female in the United States: Hourglass, bottom hourglass, top hourglass, spoon, rectangle, diamond, oval, triangle and inverted triangle (Simmons et al , 2004). Later, Sokolowski and Betencourt (2020) modified FFIT formulas for plus sized women. However, researchers pointed out the limitations of the FFIT.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole body shapes and fit problems among overweight and obese men in the United States

Shin

Saeidi

2022

JFMM

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore body shapes among overweight and obese men and examine fit issues based on the current ASTM sizing standards related to the categorized body shapes.Design/methodology/approachThe SizeUSA data and the additional data extracted using the ImageTwin (TC2-19) software were used. To categorize body shapes, principal component (PC) analysis with varimax rotation, hierarchical cluster analysis for an elbow method and K-mean cluster analysis were employed. Comparing the categorized body shapes and ASTM sizing charts, a cross-tabulation was performed to test associations between fit analyses for top and bottom for the body shape groups. Furthermore, an analysis of variance and pairwise comparison were performed to identify differences in mean values of size drops between two body parts across the different body shape groups.FindingsUsing a three-dimensional (3D) body scanning technology and 3D virtual avatars, three body shapes for overweight and obese men emerged: Rectangle-curvy, bottom hourglass-hip tilt and top hourglass-straight shapes. Further, overweight and obese male consumers are not likely to find a perfect fit from apparel companies who developed their sizing charts based on the men's and big men's ASTM standards. Notably, the big men's ASTM sizing standard did not work for most overweight and obese men the United States.Originality/valueDespite the notable increase in the US population that is overweight and obese, most overweight and obese men have had fit problems due to the differences in their body shapes as compared to the standardized body shape used in the current sizing system. The results of this study suggest apparel companies who are targeting overweight and obese male consumers in the United States updating their sizing systems in order to solve fit problems.

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Modification of the Female Figure Identification Technique (FFIT) Formulas to Include Plus Size Bodies

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Classification of male upper body shape: An innovative approach

Classification of male upper body shape: An innovative approach

Exposed Body Surface Area—A Determinate for UV Radiant Energy in Human UV Exposure Studies

Whole body shapes and fit problems among overweight and obese men in the United States

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