Modification of the Forms of Self-Determined Regulation and Quality of Life after a Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme: Tennis-Based vs. Bicycle Ergometer-Based

Abstract

Background: The objective is to analyse and compare the effects of an adapted tennis cardiac rehabilitation programme and a classical bicycle ergometer-based programme on the type of motivation towards sports practice and quality of life in patients classified as low risk after suffering acute coronary syndrome. Methods: The Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2) and Velasco’s Qualityof Life Test were applied. The sample comprised 110 individuals (age = 55.05 ± 9.27) divided into two experimental groups (tennis and bicycle ergometer) and a control group. Results: The intra-group analysis showed a significant increase between pre- and post-test results in intrinsic regulation in the tennis group and in the control group. In identified regulation, the bicycle ergometer group presented significant differences from the control group. On the other hand, in the external regulation variable, only the tennis group showed significant differences, which decreased. Significant improvements in all quality-of-life factors when comparing the pre-test period with the post-test period were only found in the experimental groups. As per the inter-group analysis, significant differences were observed in favour of the tennis group with respect to the control group in the variables of health, social relations and leisure, and work time as well as in favour of the bicycle ergometer group compared with the control group in the variables of health, sleep and rest, future projects and mobility. No significant differences were found in any of the variables between the tennis group and the bicycle ergometer group. Conclusion: It is relevant to enhance the practice of physical exercise in infarcted patients classified as low risk as it improves the forms of more self-determined regulation towards sporting practice and their quality of life.

Initial Construction of the Exercise Maintenance Motivation Scale: A Mixed-Method Study

“…Nevertheless, more scale points may result in greater distinction between questions, leading to higher variability [30]. Numerous study methods, such as the cross-sectional design [25,31], longitudinal studies [32,33], or mixed-method approaches [28,34], have been applied in several investigations, revealing acceptable validity and reliability across a variety of participant categories, including the elderly [35,36], middle-aged adults [27,29], and undergraduates [37,38]. Furthermore, prior research concentrated on validating motivation scales in diverse workout environments, including public areas [25,31,39], academic institutions [37,38], medical settings [40,41], and gym and sports facilities [42][43][44], where those engaged in exercise have consistently reported higher motivation levels compared to other exercise settings.…”

Assessment of Self-Determined Motivation in Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Furthermore, previous studies focused on the validation of the BREQs to measure motivation across a spectrum of exercise settings, including public settings [9,14,15], educational institutions [16,17], healthcare settings [18,19], and sports and fitness centers [20][21][22]. Various research methodologies, including cross-sectional design [9,15], longitudinal studies [23,24], randomized controlled trials [18,25], or mixed-method approaches [11,26], have been applied in different investigations. The existing versions of the BREQs demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity across diverse participant groups, such as the elderly [27,28], students [16,17], middle-aged adults [10,12], and company workers [15].…”