Modification of the Hall physics in magnetic reconnection due to cold ions at the Earth's magnetopause

Toledo‐Redondo, Sergio; Vaivads, A.; André, Mats; Khotyaintsev, Yuri

doi:10.1002/2015gl065129

Cited by 55 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…In addition, cold ions have a smaller gyroradius than hot ions and introduce a new length-scale Toledo-Redondo et al, 2015]. However, the rapid cold ion heating observed for event 2, which occurs right before the narrow structure of increased E n predicted by simulations [Pritchett, 2008;Pritchett and Mozer, 2009] and confirmed by observations [Khotyaintsev et al, 2006;André et al, 2010], has implications for the current reduction observed by Toledo-Redondo et al [2015]. However, the rapid cold ion heating observed for event 2, which occurs right before the narrow structure of increased E n predicted by simulations [Pritchett, 2008;Pritchett and Mozer, 2009] and confirmed by observations [Khotyaintsev et al, 2006;André et al, 2010], has implications for the current reduction observed by Toledo-Redondo et al [2015].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first encounter (event 1) was previously discussed by ; Graham et al [2015] and Wang et al [2015], and the second encounter (event 2) was previously discussed by Lee et al [2015] and Toledo-Redondo et al [2015]. The first encounter (event 1) was previously discussed by ; Graham et al [2015] and Wang et al [2015], and the second encounter (event 2) was previously discussed by Lee et al [2015] and Toledo-Redondo et al [2015].…”

Section: Events Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have accounted for cold ions in the reconnection process, e.g., Su et al [2000], McFadden et al [2008], André et al [2010], Walsh et al [2014], , Wang et al [2014], Wang et al [2015], and Toledo-Redondo et al [2015]. Using Cluster [Escoubet et al, 2001] observations, André et al [2010] and Toledo-Redondo et al [2015] explored the kinetic effects induced by cold ions on the microphysics of reconnection. Using Cluster [Escoubet et al, 2001] observations, André et al [2010] and Toledo-Redondo et al [2015] explored the kinetic effects induced by cold ions on the microphysics of reconnection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold ion heating at the dayside magnetopause during magnetic reconnection

Toledo‐Redondo

André

Vaivads

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Cold ions of ionospheric origin are known to be present in the magnetospheric side of the Earth's magnetopause. They can be very abundant, with densities up to 100 cm−3. These cold ions can mass load the magnetosphere, changing global parameters of magnetic reconnection, like the Alfvén speed or the reconnection rate. In addition they introduce a new length scale related to their gyroradius and kinetic effects which must be accounted for. We report in situ observations of cold ion heating in the separatrix owing to time and space fluctuations of the electric field. When this occurs, the cold ions are preheated before crossing the Hall electric field barrier. However, when this mechanism is not present cold ions can be observed well inside the reconnection exhaust. Our observations suggest that the perpendicular cold ion heating is stronger close to the X line owing to waves and electric field gradients linked to the reconnection process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Events Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold ion heating at the dayside magnetopause during magnetic reconnection

Toledo‐Redondo

André

Vaivads

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…This velocity change also affects the rate of energy conversion in magnetic reconnection. Low-energy ions also change how the microphysics of magnetic reconnection works since the gyro-radius introduces a new length-scale between the gyro-radii of electrons and hot ions (André et al 2010, Toledo-Redondo et al 2015.…”

Section: Low-energy Ions and A Better Map Of Near-earth Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Previously hidden low-energy ions: a better map of near-Earth space and the terrestrial mass balance

André

2015

Phys. Scr.

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This is a review of the mass balance of planet Earth, intended also for scientists not usually working with space physics or geophysics. The discussion includes both outflow of ions and neutrals from the ionosphere and upper atmosphere, and the inflow of meteoroids and larger objects. The focus is on ions with energies less than tens of eV originating from the ionosphere. Positive low-energy ions are complicated to detect onboard sunlit spacecraft at higher altitudes, which often become positively charged to several tens of volts. We have invented a technique to observe low-energy ions based on the detection of the wake behind a charged spacecraft in a supersonic ion flow. We find that low-energy ions usually dominate the ion density and the outward flux in large volumes in the magnetosphere. The global outflow is of the order of 10 26 ions s -1 . This is a significant fraction of the total number outflow of particles from Earth, and changes plasma processes in near-Earth space. We compare order of magnitude estimates of the mass outflow and inflow for planet Earth and find that they are similar, at around 1 kg s −1 (30 000 ton yr −1 ). We briefly discuss atmospheric and ionospheric outflow from other planets and the connection to evolution of extraterrestrial life.

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“…If there are indeed cold ions in the plasma sheet, the polar wind would be one of the major suspects for the source, next to plasmaspheric winds and plumes. Toledo-Redondo et al (2015) recently found, while studying reconnection at the dayside magnetopause, that cold ions introduce a new length scale in the reconnection process and thus may affect it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations and north–south asymmetries in polar wind outflow due to solar illumination

2016

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Abstract. The cold ions (energy less than several tens of electronvolts) flowing out from the polar ionosphere, called the polar wind, are an important source of plasma for the magnetosphere. The main source of energy driving the polar wind is solar illumination, which therefore has a large influence on the outflow. Observations have shown that solar illumination creates roughly two distinct regimes where the outflow from a sunlit ionosphere is higher than that from a dark one. The transition between both regimes is at a solar zenith angle larger than 90 • . The rotation of the Earth and its orbit around the Sun causes the magnetic polar cap to move into and out of the sunlight. In this paper we use a simple set-up to study qualitatively the effects of these variations in solar illumination of the polar cap on the ion flux from the whole polar cap. We find that this flux exhibits diurnal and seasonal variations even when combining the flux from both hemispheres. In addition there are asymmetries between the outflows from the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

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Modification of the Hall physics in magnetic reconnection due to cold ions at the Earth's magnetopause

Cited by 55 publications

References 50 publications

Cold ion heating at the dayside magnetopause during magnetic reconnection

Cold ion heating at the dayside magnetopause during magnetic reconnection

Previously hidden low-energy ions: a better map of near-Earth space and the terrestrial mass balance

Seasonal variations and north–south asymmetries in polar wind outflow due to solar illumination

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