Modification of the Peripheral Substituents in Chlorophylls a and b and Their Derivatives (Review)

The Synthesis and Singlet Oxygen Generation Study of 13(1)-N-Piperazinyl Chlorin e6-15(2),17(3)-Dimethyl Ester

“…[11,12] The typical changes of spectra 1 H NMR on going from methylpheophorbide a 3 to chlorin e 6 derivative 1 are in the disappearance of singlet of 13 (2)-CH proton at 6.28 ppm and the increase of doublets in the downfield region between 5 and 6 ppm ( Figure 2). This behavior results from the spin-spin interaction of two magnetically non-equivalent 15(1)-CH 2 protons.…”

“…[2][3][4][5][6] The main reaction centers of Chl series are vinyl and ester groups, carbonyl function and the cyclopentanone ring. [11,12] The disclosure of the latter through weak organic bases leads to a number of chlorin e 6 derivatives. [12] Chlorin e 6 and its esters are found to be a good PC revealing low dark toxicity, high yield of singlet oxygen generation and sufficient hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity balance.…”

61 The Structural Chemistry of Isolated Chlorophylls

“…The book by Scheer 11 and a review by Hynninen 22 therein remain the most comprehensive treatises on Chl chemistry and function, while a comprehensive review on side chain transformation has recently been given by Pavlov and Ponomarev. 23 In recent years 7 …”

Adding Color to Green Chemistry? An Overview of the Fundamentals and Potential of Chlorophylls

“…oxidative degradation reactions involving oxidations, hydroxylation, ring-opening or decarboxylations of the isocyclic pentanone ring. The book by Scheer [13] remains the most comprehensive treatise on chlorophyll chemistry and function and a comprehensive review on side-chain transformation has recently been published by Pavlov and Ponomarev [14].…”

“…A survey of all possible reactions is beyond the scope of this article and the reader is referred to relevant reviews [3,11,14,28]. Broadly, chlorophyll chemistry is divided into functional group transformations of the side chains, manipulations involving ring V, and reactions involving the macrocyclic ring system.…”