Modification of the startle reflex in a community sample: do one or two dimensions of psychopathy underlie emotional processing?

Deficient aversive-potentiated startle and the triarchic model of psychopathy: The role of boldness

“…Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003) Factor 1, which encompasses the interpersonal and affective features of psychopathy, in incarcerated men (Patrick, 1994;Vaidyanathan, Hall, Patrick, & Bernat, 2011) and women (Verona, Bresin, & Patrick, 2013), as well as in mixed-gender community populations (Vanman, Mejia, Dawson, Schell, & Raine, 2003 estimated from Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire; Tellegen & Waller, 2008) and women (Anderson, Stanford, Wan, & Young, 2011), as well as in mixed-gender community populations (Poy et al, 2012). Therefore, research results suggest that the startle potentiation deficit (as a valid indicator of deficient fear reactivity) is specifically linked to the core affective and interpersonal features of psychopathy, irrespective of the sample characteristics (criminal, non-criminal) and gender.…”

Exploring Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Machiavellianism in Youth: Examination of Associations with Antisocial Behavior and Aggression

“…Psychopaths versus non-psychopaths show differences in responses to fear eliciting stimuli, psychophysiological reactivity to distress cues, startle reflex, and fear imagery (Blair, Jones, Clark, & Smith, 1997;Patrick, 1994;Patrick, Bradley, & Lang, 1993;Vanman, Mejia, Dawson, Schell, & Raine, 2003). For example, in a sample of incarcerated sexual offenders, psychopaths high on both the affective factor and the behavioral factor, and psychopaths high only on the affective factor, show reduced affective startle responses (e.g., startle-elicited blinks) to noise while viewing negative and neutral pictures compared to non-psychopaths and psychopaths high only on the behavioral factor (Patrick et al, 1993).…”

“…In addition, the abnormality in emotional responding that was linked only to the affective factor in psychopathy (Patrick et al, 1993;Vanman et al, 2003) suggests that affective blunting and lack of empathy may be one of the main reasons why individuals high in psychopathic traits commit aggressive and antisocial behavior.…”

Temperamento de bajo miedo y respuesta cardiaca de defensa

“…En cuanto a la primera cuestión, recientemente se ha demostrado en población normal el déficit de los psicópatas en la adquisición del miedo condicionado (López, Poy, Patrick y Moltó, 2013) y su reducida potenciación de la respuesta de parpadeo en contextos aversivos (Benning, Patrick y Iacono, 2005; Dvorak-Bertsch, Curtin, Rubinstein y Newman, 2009; Vanman, Mejia, Dawson, Schell y Raine, 2003).…”