Modification of TiO2 Nanowire Arrays with Sn Doping as Photoanode for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Ni, Shiming; Guo, Fengyun; Wang, Dongbo; Jiao, Shujie; Wang, Jinzhong; Zhang, Yong; Wang, Bao; Feng, Pu; Zhao, Liancheng

doi:10.3390/cryst9020113

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The two prominent peaks can be assigned to the Ti 4+ state of TiO 2 . 41,43 The high-resolution O 1s XPS spectrum of the nanocomposite I is shown in Figure 3d, the O 1s peak can be decomposed into four contributions centered at 529.9, 531.1, 531.9 and 532.9 eV, which can be attributed to O–metal (Sn, Ti) bonding, 44−46 Sn–O–C or Ti–O–C, 47,48 Sn–OH or Ti–OH, 49 and C–OH/C–O–C, 50 respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrahigh Selective Room-Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Tin–Titanium Dioxide/reduced Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites by the Solvothermal Method

2019

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Resistive-based gas sensors have been considered as the most favorable gas sensors for detection of toxic gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) because of their simple structure, low cost, high sensitivity, ease of use, and high stability. Unfortunately, wide application of resistive-based gas sensors is limited by their low selectivity. In this article, we present the fabrication of ultrahigh selective NH3 gas sensor based on tin–titanium dioxide/reduced graphene/carbon nanotube (Sn–TiO2@rGO/CNT) nanocomposites. The Sn–TiO2@rGO/CNT nanocomposites with different molar ratios of Sn/Ti (1:10, 3:10, and 5:10) were synthesized via the solvothermal method. Characterizations by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the decoration of Sn–TiO2 nanoparticles on rGO/CNT nanocomposite surfaces. The Sn–TiO2@rGO/CNT nanocomposite gas sensor exhibited high response and ultrahigh selectivity to NH3 against toluene, dimethylformamide, acetone, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, formaldehyde, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, acetylene, and VOCs in paint thinners at room temperature. The Sn–TiO2@rGO/CNT nanocomposite gas sensor with molar ratio of Sn/Ti = 1:10 showed the highest response to NH3 over other molar ratios of Sn/Ti as well as pure rGO/CNT and Sn–TiO2 gas sensors. The ammonia-sensing mechanisms of the Sn–TiO2@rGO/CNT gas sensor were proposed based on the formation of p–n heterojunctions of p-type rGO/CNT and n-type Sn–TiO2 nanoparticles via a low-temperature oxidizing reaction process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrahigh Selective Room-Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Tin–Titanium Dioxide/reduced Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites by the Solvothermal Method

2019

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“…The best efficiency reported for different metal oxides based on the energy band gap and a comparison of the advantages and disadvantages offered by different metal oxides have been given in Tables 1 and 2 45,46 The response of DSSCs depends on the choice of doping metal atoms. A number of studies has been carried out on doped TiO 2 nanostructures using the atoms such as Au, 47 V, 48,49 Sc, 50 Sn, 51,52 Fe, 52,53 Cu, 52,53 Mn, 53,54 Co, 54 Ta, 55,56 Zn, 46 Cr, 57 Nb, 58 La. 59 Different reports have appeared in which TiO 2 doped with nanodimensional gold particles synthesized by adopting different methods has been used as photoanode material with efficiency attained to a maximum of 8.13%.…”

Section: Metal Oxide Based Photoanodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response of DSSCs depends on the choice of doping metal atoms. A number of studies has been carried out on doped TiO 2 nanostructures using the atoms such as Au, 47 V, 48,49 Sc, 50 Sn, 51,52 Fe, 52,53 Cu, 52,53 Mn, 53,54 Co, 54 Ta, 55,56 Zn, 46 Cr, 57 Nb, 58 La 59 …”

Section: Revamping Of Photoanodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…50 DSSC with Sn-doped TiO 2 , reported by Ni et al attained an efficiency of 8.75% due to increase in electron mobility and reduced recombination at photoanode and electrolyte junction. 51 They also fabricated a DSSC with anatase TiO 2 as light scattering layer and Sn-doped rutile TiO 2 as photoanode with increased efficiency of 9.43% because of the efficient light harvesting by the anatase TiO 2 scattering layer of larger particles. Ako et al investigated three metals; tin, iron, and copper as dopants of TiO 2 nanocrystalline powders.…”

Section: Doping With Metal Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient charge collection of photoanodes and light absorption of photosensitizers: A review

Pallikkara

Kala

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary During the recent period of time, dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have become an exciting invention to meet our energy demands. Its reasonable cost of production and easy fabrication make it a powerful competent to the conventional solar cells. But non‐achievement of expected efficiency is the key challenge faced by the scientific society. To overcome this, boundless research is going on the revamping of DSSC. Among the four chief parts of DSSC, the photoanodes gain more attention due to its dual function. Scilicet, it act as a charge carrier and as a surface for dye adsorption as well. Hence photoanode modification plays a crucial role in enhancing the power conversion efficiencies of DSSCs. It comprises of wide bandgap semiconducting metal oxides, among which TiO2 stands out with higher efficiency. Likewise in the case of photosensitizers, metal complex based dyes (mainly ruthenium based) take the lead in augmented efficiency. This paper critically reviews the work on all the metal oxides used as photoanode materials, comparing their band gap with the best efficiencies reported for each and analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. An overview of the performance of DSSCs based on different metal atom doped metal oxide photoanode, incorporation of various carbonaceous materials and different passivating agents has been included. Also, the modification in the photosensitizer has been discussed, examining the reports on organometallics based dyes and metal free organic dyes.

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“…People need to step up efforts to find highly efficient and renewable energy sources to maintain social and economic development [1][2][3][4][5]. A reliable and renewable energy source, solar energy is accounted as a future energy resource due to its abundance and completely free of cost from sunlight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Growth of Flower-Shaped ZnO Nanostructures on FTO Substrate for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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The proposed work reports that ZnO nanoflowers were grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates via a solution process at low temperature. The high purity and well-crystalline behavior of ZnO nanoflowers were established by X-ray diffraction. The morphological characteristics of ZnO nanoflowers were clearly revealed that the grown flower structures were in high density with 3D floral structure comprising of small rods assembled as petals. Using UV absorption and Raman spectroscopy, the optical and structural properties of the ZnO nanoflowers were studied. The photoelectrochemical properties of the ZnO nanoflowers were studied by utilizing as a photoanode for the manufacture of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The fabricated DSSC with ZnO nanoflowers photoanode attained reasonable overall conversion efficiency of~1.40% and a short-circuit current density (J SC ) of~4.22 mA cm −2 with an open circuit voltage (V OC ) of 0.615 V and a fill factor (FF) of~0.54. ZnO nanostructures have given rise to possible utilization as an inexpensive and efficient photoanode materials for DSSCs.Crystals 2019, 9, 405 2 of 13 of recombination rate and efficient electron transport in the photoanode [15]. Most the reported DSSCs based on ZnO photoanodes are inferior to DSSCs based on the TiO 2 photoanode [16][17][18], which normally can be attributed to ZnO dissolution to Zn 2+ via the adsorbed acidic dye such as N3, N719, and black dye, resulting in the aggregate formation of Zn 2+ and dye molecules [19]. These aggregates formation of Zn 2+ /dye complexes are further blocked the injected electrons from the photoexcited dye molecules to the ZnO, which results in decrease in proper electron injection. It is realized that some extent of research on the improvement in performance of ZnO-based DSSC are needed to outperform the aggregates formation of Zn 2+ /dye complexes [19].ZnO is highly scrutinized n-type semiconducting oxide owing to its an unique wide band gap of 3.37 eV and considerable large exciton binding energy of~60 meV at ambient condition [20,21]. The unique properties of ZnO materials have attracted attention in the area of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical devices because they have special ability to grow a variety of different nanostructures [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Apart from thermal growth of ZnO, ZnO synthesis at low temperature solution processes has recently been popularized due to ease of processibility, high aspect growth ratio, low-cost, and high yield [30]. In past few years, researches are experimented to elevate the conversion efficiency of ZnO-based DSSCs by adopting different structural and morphological aspects like 1D, 2D, and 3D branched networks and mixed morphologies for preparing ZnO photoanodes [31][32][33]. Several works on the utilization of 1D and 2D ZnO-based photoanodes have already been reported, but the conversion efficiencies of DSSCs are not competent to TiO 2 based DSSCs [29][30][31][32][33].Herein, we report the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis, characterization...

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Modification of TiO2 Nanowire Arrays with Sn Doping as Photoanode for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 85 publications

Ultrahigh Selective Room-Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Tin–Titanium Dioxide/reduced Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites by the Solvothermal Method

Ultrahigh Selective Room-Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on Tin–Titanium Dioxide/reduced Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites by the Solvothermal Method

Efficient charge collection of photoanodes and light absorption of photosensitizers: A review

Direct Growth of Flower-Shaped ZnO Nanostructures on FTO Substrate for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

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