“…(Martínez-Prado et al, 2014). The biodegradation of contaminants can be improved using synergistic action with other techniques such as electroremediation or biosurfactants (Martínez-Prado et al, 2017;Castillo-Campos et al, 2021). However, the method of petroleum biodegradation in soil depends on many factors, including the type of hydrocarbons or soil, the microbial consortium, and environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, pH, nutrients, and oxygen (Sharma and Reddy 2004;Li et al, 2019).…”