The present study explored the possibility that excitatory amino acid (EAA) sensitivity within the ventral pallidum (VP) is altered by long-term removal of dopamine (DA). Electrophysiological experiments were conducted in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats 21 to 28 days after they received unilateral substantia nigra injections of the dopaminergic toxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). VP neurons increased firing at low microiontophoretic ejection currents of the EAA agonists N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA); however, high currents decreased action potential amplitude and rapidly caused cessation of neuronal firing. These responses likely reflected the induction of depolarization block for they were reversed by coiontophoresis of the hyperpolarizing transmitter ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at ejection current levels that normally suppressed firing. The ability of NMDA and AMPA to induce such inactivation was greater in the VP of 6-OHDA-lesioned hemispheres, but unchanged in reserpinized rats, verifying that the alterations in responding to NMDA were the result of chronic, rather than acute, DA removal. The adaptations do not appear to be the consequence of a diminished GABAergic tone for the ability of bicuculline to increase firing (due to blocking a tonic GABAergic input) was not changed. However, low ejection currents of GABA that were insufficient to alter firing rate greatly attenuated the ability of NMDA to induce an apparent depolarization inactivation when coiontophoresed with NMDA onto VP neurons of the lesioned, but not the unlesioned, hemisphere. These studies show that chronic DA removal altered the EAA-induced amplitude-decreasing (i.e., the apparent depolarization inactivation) effects in VP neurons in the absence of a decrease in GABAergic tone.EAAs provide the major excitatory drive within the basal ganglia and limbic systems of the brain. Popular circuitry models for basal ganglia adaptations that accompany chronic near-total lesions of the ascending dopaminergic system incorporate the wealth of evidence for an up-regulation of EAA transmission (for review, see Ossowska, 1994). Moreover, suppression of EAA transmission by EAA antagonists attenuates motor dysfunction and augments the beneficial effects of levodopa in animal models of PD (Ossowska, 1994). The neuroanatomical substrates engaged by the up-regulation of EAA transmission in the DA-deafferented brain include those influenced by the enhancement in activity of STN EAAcontaining projections, e.g., the GPi (Brotchie et al., 1991;Filion and Tremblay, 1991) and the substantia nigra zona reticulata (Rohlfs et al., 1997).The VP receives direct innervation of EAA-containing afferents from limbic regions (e.g., amygdala; Russchen and Price, 1984;Maslowski-Cobuzzi and Napier, 1994) and the basal ganglia (e.g., STN;Groenewegen and Berendse, 1990;Turner et al., 2001). These inputs act on two major subtypes of ionotropic EAA receptors in the VP, NMDA, and non-NMDA (Monaghan and Cotman, 1985;...