Modifications of Parylene by Microstructures and Selenium Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Bacterial and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Viability

Abstract

Parylene-based implants or coatings introduce surfaces suffering from bacteria colonization. Here, we synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) as the antibacterial agent, and various approaches are studied for their reproducible adsorption, and thus the modification of parylene-C–coated glass substrate. The nanoparticle deposition process is optimized in the nanoparticle concentration to obtain evenly distributed NPs on the flat parylene-C surface. Moreover, the array of parylene-C micropillars is fabricated by the plasma etching of parylene-C on a silicon wafer, and the surface is modified with SeNPs. All designed surfaces are tested against two bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). The results show no antibacterial effect toward S. aureus, while some bacteriostatic effect is observed for E. coli on the flat and microstructured parylene. However, SeNPs did not enhance the antibacterial effect against both bacteria. Additionally, all designed surfaces show cytotoxic effects toward mesenchymal stem cells at high SeNP deposition. These results provide valuable information about the potential antibacterial treatment of widely used parylene-C in biomedicine.

Combinational therapy with Myc decoy oligodeoxynucleotides encapsulated in nanocarrier and X-irradiation on breast cancer cells

“…Selenium is known to be one of the essential elements for cell growth, and at low doses, it can increase cell growth. This finding is consistent with the study conducted by Pekarkova et al, which evaluated the effect of selenium on cell viability [ 37 ]. Moreover, a significant increase in cytotoxicity was observed at 1 μg/mL of NISM@Chi-Se-DEC compared to NISM@Chi-Se (free nanoparticles) and NISM@Chi-Se-SCR (ODN decoy negative control) at the same concentration.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Potential Antimicrobial Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Stabilized with Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride

“…Taking into account the results of other researchers and the results of this study, the hypothesis of antibacterial action of CTAC, Se NPs and Se NPs-CTAC was proposed (Figure 11). The presented hypothesis can be summarized as follows: introduction of the Se NPs-CTAC molecular complex into bacterial or fungal cell cultures leads to degradation of proteins and polysaccharides and disruption of microbial cell structure, allowing an enhanced penetration of Se NPs via damaged cytoplasmic membrane, which causes oxidative damage and changes in the intensity of reactive oxygen species [107,108]. Further study of Se NPs-CTAC will be aimed at confirming this hypothesis.…”

Electromechanically Functionalized Ureteral Stents for Wireless Obstruction Monitoring

“…While Parylene C is commonly used in the medical device field, its antibacterial effectiveness is somewhat limited. 51 Biofouling and encrustation could lead to shifting of the parasitic capacitance of the stent device and, thus, potentially affect its resonance and wireless response to some extent on a long-term basis. This could be circumvented by combining the Parylene C film with antifouling/antimicrobial coatings for which a wide range of investigations are ongoing, e.g., the use of antibacterial hydrogel and pharmacological coatings, 52 as well as micro/ nanostructuring of the Parylene surface to be highly hydrophobic, 51 suppressing those fouling effects on the sensing performance of the device.…”

“…This could be approached by replacing copper with gold for electroplating formation of the antenna and its joints, and the adopted commercial pressure sensor (with unknown toxicity level) with a custom sensor designed to be biocompatible , with low ESR (so to eliminate the need for SMD microchips). While Parylene C is commonly used in the medical device field, its antibacterial effectiveness is somewhat limited . Biofouling and encrustation could lead to shifting of the parasitic capacitance of the stent device and, thus, potentially affect its resonance and wireless response to some extent on a long-term basis.…”