Improvements in industrial processes involve a comprehensive analysis of thermodynamics, specifically the first and second laws, alongside energy and exergy assessments. To address low steam power plant efficiency, each component must undergo a detailed examination to identify and quantify energy and exergy losses. Data from the Indramayu Coal Fired Power Plant informed this evaluation. Results highlight significant exergy destruction in the high-pressure turbine (340 MW) and boiler (320 MW), both operating at less than 20% efficiency. Inefficient heat transfer and insulation contribute to the boiler's exergy destruction. The condenser, responsible for a 50 MW exergy loss, also greatly impacts overall system degradation. Enhancing the steam power plant's thermal efficiency necessitates remedial action, focusing on improving the boiler, high-pressure turbine, and condenser components.