Modified alternate-day fasting vs. calorie restriction in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial

Parvaresh, Arefe; Razavi, Roghaye; Abbasi, Behnood; Yaghoobloo, Khadijeh; Hassanzadeh, Akbar; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Safavi, Sayyed Morteza; Hadi, Amir; Clark, Cain C. T.

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.08.021

Cited by 74 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In humans, a reduction of body weight, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose [ 67 ], total cholesterol, TG, LDL, and blood pressure was observed [ 90 ]. MADF may improve several key biomarkers of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) risk, such as obesity, waist circumference, fat mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.…”

Section: Fasting Physiology and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting: How to Guide

et al. 2021

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Fasting potentials are the most interesting topics in the Nutritional Era. Fasting consists of the catabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to maintain blood glucose levels in a normal range. The action mechanisms of fasting were firstly understood in minor organisms and later in humans. Nutritional interventions of caloric restriction could attenuate age-associated epigenetic alterations and could have a protective effect against cellular alterations, promoting longevity and health span. While most fasting studies point out the weight and fat mass decreases, it is important to define specific guidelines for fasting and non-fasting days to enhance adherence, minimize the dropout rates of the interventions, and maximize body composition improvement. Although the panorama of evidence on fasting and caloric restriction is wide, there is a lack of a safe fasting protocol to guide physicians in its prescription. The main goal is to identify a how to use guide, a major posology of fasting, inserted within a huge dietetic personalized strategy leading to an optimal and healthy nutritional status.

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Section: Fasting Physiology and Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasting: How to Guide

et al. 2021

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“…Human studies that directly compare ADF with CR have found similar weight loss effects (Varady et al, 2011;Catenacci et al, 2016;Trepanowski et al, 2017;Gabel et al, 2019). Some such studies show ADF as superior to daily CR for health benefits that include lowered systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose (Gabel et al, 2019;Parvaresh et al, 2019). Other measures have been shown to not differ between ADF and CR in adults; these include body composition (in terms of total fat and lean muscle mass), serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, heart rate, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine (Catenacci et al, 2016;Trepanowski et al, 2017;Gabel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Alternate day fasting (ADF) is a form of intermittent fasting defined by alternating days of fasting (with full access to water and other calorie-free beverages) and ad libitum eating. ADF is an effective form of intermittent fasting that leads to weight loss, specifically fat mass (Varady et al, 2011;Baumeier et al, 2015;Catenacci et al, 2016;Joslin et al, 2017;Trepanowski et al, 2017;Gabel et al, 2019;Parvaresh et al, 2019), improved glucose control and insulin sensitivity (Halberg et al, 2005;Heilbronn et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2016;Swoap et al, 2019), and lowered circulating lipids and cholesterol in both rodents and humans (Mahoney et al, 2006;Bhutani et al, 2013;Varady et al, 2015). In rodent models, ADF has also been shown to increase cancer survival (Descamps et al, 2005;Varady et al, 2009;Xie et al, 2017), increase mean and maximal life span (Anson et al, 2003;Descamps et al, 2005), and reduce the effects of specific diseases such as asthma (Johnson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Alternate Day Fasting Versus Pair-Fed Caloric Restriction in Diet-Induced Obese C57Bl/6J Male Mice

2021

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Alternate day fasting (ADF) induces weight loss and improves various markers of health in rodents and humans. However, it is unclear whether the benefits of ADF are derived from the lower caloric intake of ADF or from the 24-h fasting period. Therefore, this study directly compared selected markers for health – such as glucose control, body weight, liver triglycerides, T cell frequencies, and others – in high-fat (60% calories from fat) diet-induced obese mice subjected to either ADF or caloric restriction (CR). Obese mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) ADF: remained on the high-fat diet, but fed on alternate days (n = 5), (2) PF: remained on the high-fat diet, but pair-fed to the ADF group (n = 5), (3) LF: moved to a chow ad libitum diet (n = 5; 17% calories from fat), and (4) HF: remained on the high-fat ad libitum diet (n = 5). An additional group of non-obese mice maintained on a chow diet since weaning were used as controls (CON: n = 5). After 10 weeks, ADF, PF, and LF mice ate fewer kcals, had a lower body mass, had smaller epididymal fat pads, improved glucose tolerance, and had a lower hepatic triglyceride content relative to HF mice (p < 0.05), but none reached that of CON mice in these measures. T cell frequencies of the spleen, blood, and mesenteric lymph nodes were reduced in ADF, PF, and HF compared to the CON group. Importantly, there were no significant differences between the ADF and PF groups in any of the measurements made in the current study. These data suggest that ADF, PF, and LF diets each lead to improved markers of health relative to high-fat diet-induced obese mice, and that the caloric restriction associated with ADF is the major factor for the noted improvements.

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“…reduction and different CR regimes [6,7]. The strive for healthier body-weight to reduce metabolic disturbances, such as type-2 diabetes and CVD, is essential in preventive medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intermittent and continuous caloric restriction on Sirtuin1 concentration depends on sex and body mass index

Opstad

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Tonstad

et al. 2021

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Background & aims: The favorable effect of caloric restriction (CR) on health span is well known and partly mediated by the sirtuin system. Sirtuin1, a regulator of energy homeostasis in response to nutrient availability, is activated by CR. We therefore investigated effects of two different CR regimens on Sirtuin1 concentrations. Methods & results: The study included 112 abdominally obese subjects, randomized to intermittent or continuous CR for 1 year. Blood samples and anthropometric measures were collected at baseline and after 12 months. Sirtuin1 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Sirtuin1 correlated significantly to BMI at baseline (r Z .232, p Z 0.019). Mean reduction in body-weight was 8.0 and 9.0 kg after intermittent and continuous CR, respectively. After 1 year, no significant between-group differences in Sirtuin1 levels were observed according to regimen (p Z 0.98) and sex (p Z 0.41). An increase in median Sirtuin1 concentrations (pg/mL) [25, 75 percentiles] from baseline was observed after intermittent CR in the total population (884 [624, 1285] vs.762 [530, 1135]; p Z 0.041), most marked in men (820 [623,1250] vs. 633 [524, 926]; p Z 0.016). Improvement in BMI after 1 year correlated to Sirtuin1 changes, but varied according to sex. In women, Spearman's rho Z .298, p Z 0.034, with stronger correlation in the intermittent CR group (r Z .424, p Z 0.049). In men, there was an inverse relation to Sirtuin1 changes, only in the intermittent CR group (r Z À.396, p Z 0.045). Conclusions: Effects on Sirtuin1 concentrations after 1 year of CR are sex and BMI-related. Intermittent CR regimen affected Sirtuin1 to a stronger extent than continuous CR, suggesting individualized dietary intervention.

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Modified alternate-day fasting vs. calorie restriction in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial

Cited by 74 publications

References 38 publications

Fasting: How to Guide

Fasting: How to Guide

Health Effects of Alternate Day Fasting Versus Pair-Fed Caloric Restriction in Diet-Induced Obese C57Bl/6J Male Mice

Effect of intermittent and continuous caloric restriction on Sirtuin1 concentration depends on sex and body mass index

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