“…Other researchers in the Philippines suggest to consider studying and applying different pedagogical approaches that will help improve the learners of the country to attain global competitiveness such as in the study employing participatory action research cum action research (Morales, 2016), the pedagogical content knowledge-guided lesson study (Lucenario et al, 2016), and modified alternative co-teaching approach (Angeles et al, 2019). Moreover, Barrows (1996) suggests that the problem-based learning is "effective in facilitating and is focused on building content knowledge coupled with developing problem-solving, self-directed learning, and collaborative teamwork skills (Harvey et al, 2013, pp.114-115)."…”