Modified C-H flap for simultaneous nipple reconstruction during autologous breast reconstruction

Abstract

Background:Reconstruction of the nipple–areolar complex is the final stage of breast reconstruction. Nipple reconstruction is usually performed several months after breast reconstruction, because simultaneous reconstruction is thought to be risky. Here, we introduce our experiences of 1-stage procedures with immediate reconstruction of the nipple–areolar complex during autologous breast reconstruction.Methods:Between 2008 and 2015, 51 mastectomy patients underwent 1-stage breast and nipple reconstruction. All cases were reconstructed immediately with autologous tissue for the breast mound. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the method of nipple–areolar complex reconstruction. In group A, 23 cases were reconstructed with a classical C-H flap, also known as the Hammond flap. In group B, 28 cases were reconstructed with a modified C-H flap, which is the evolved form of the classical Hammond flap. The nipple–areolar complex was evaluated preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 1 year postoperatively. Postoperative complications were also evaluated.Results:The mean projection of the reconstructed nipple decreased by approximately 50% in group A and 38% in group B during the postoperative 1 year. However, the reconstructed nipple width and areolar diameter did not show a significant change in either group. Group A showed 26% of complication rate and 17% of revision rate, whereas group B showed 11% of complication rate and 4% of revision rate. However, no major complications such as complete necrosis of the reconstructed nipple, were observed in any patients.Conclusion:The modified technique group showed superior results in terms of safety and cosmesis. With our modified C-H flap method, simultaneous breast and nipple reconstruction is safe and has satisfactory results.

Successful reconstruction using a de-epithelialized rectangular flap on a nipple necrosis site after DIEP flap-based breast reconstruction: a case report

“…Several methods have been introduced to cover postmastectomy nipple necrosis or defects [6][7][8][9]. Shestak et al [10] compared bell flaps, modified star flaps, and skate flaps and reported that the modified flaps yielded the least projection loss.…”

One-stage nipple and breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap after a skin-sparing mastectomy

“…Patient satisfaction with nipple reconstruction was high regardless of the surgical technique, and was even higher with NSM. The timing of nipple reconstruction is important for the final aesthetic outcome [8][9][10]. However, nipple reconstruction has so far been considered a secondary procedure in breast reconstruction.…”

“…The timing of nipple reconstruction is important for the final aesthetic outcome [8][9][10]. However, nipple reconstruction has so far been considered a secondary procedure in breast reconstruction.…”

Nipple–Areola Complex Reconstruction

“…The most commonly used flaps are the arrow flap [ 25 , 26 ], the C-V flap [ 27 ] and the C-H flap [ 3 ].…”

“…When this is not possible, the areola–nipple complex is surgically removed together with the cancerous breast tissue and the nipple–areola complex is reconstructed afterward or in the same surgical session [ 3 ].…”