Modified California Roller for Measuring Transferable Residues on Treated Turfgrass

Guidance on the assessment of exposure of operators, workers, residents and bystanders in risk assessment for plant protection products

“…Dermal exposure + hand to mouth transfer + object to mouth transfer Children's hand to mouth transfer should be calculated using the following equation:  TTR = turf transferable residues (%) (for products applied in liquid sprays, 5 % is used, and, for products applied as granules, 1 % is used (these values come from data obtained using the Modified Californian Roller Method (Fuller et al, 2001;Rosenheck et al, 2001), and represent the upper end of the range from a number of studies with different compounds)  SE = saliva extraction factor (%) (a default value of 50 % is recommended by US EPA, 2001; it refers to the fraction of pesticide extracted from a hand/object via saliva. It is a median value from a study by Camann and colleagues on the fraction of pesticide extracted by saliva from hands (Camann et al, 1995))  SA = surface area of hands (cm 2 ) (the assumption used here is that 20 cm 2 of skin area is contacted each time a child puts a hand in his or her mouth (US EPA, 2001))  Freq = frequency of hand to mouth (events per hour) (for short-term exposures, a value of 9.5 events per hour is recommended; this is the average of observations ranging from 0 to 70 events per hour ( Values for drift percentage should be taken from Table 18, as appropriate.…”

“…These values come from data obtained using the Modified Californian Roller Method (Fuller et al, 2001;Rosenheck et al, 2001), and represent the upper end of the range from a number of studies with different compounds  SE = saliva extraction factor (%) (a default value of 50 % is recommended by US EPA, 2001; it refers to the fraction of pesticide extracted from a hand/object via saliva. These values come from data obtained using the Modified Californian Roller Method (Fuller et al, 2001;Rosenheck et al, 2001), and represent the upper end of the range from a number of studies with different compounds  SE = saliva extraction factor (%) (a default value of 50 % is recommended by US EPA, 2001; it refers to the fraction of pesticide extracted from a hand/object via saliva.…”

“…Any future possibility of modifying the vapour pressure value and the concentration in the air will allow a refinement of the exposure calculations.  TTR = turf transferable residues (%) (for products applied in liquid sprays, 5 %, and for products applied as granules, 1 % (these values come from data obtained using the Modified Californian Roller Method (Fuller et al, 2001;Rosenheck et al, 2001) and represent the upper end of the range from a number of studies with different compounds))  TC = transfer coefficient (cm 2 /h) (default values of 7300 cm 2 /h for adults and 2600 cm 2 /h for children are recommended, TC values take into account minimal protection from clothes)  H = exposure duration (hours) (a default value of two hours is recommended by US EPA, 2001)…”

“… TTR = turf transferable residues (%) (for products applied in liquid sprays, 5 % is used, and, for products applied as granules, 1 % is used. These values come from data obtained using the Modified Californian Roller Method (Fuller et al, 2001;Rosenheck et al, 2001),  TTR = turf transferable residues (%) (for products applied in liquid sprays, 5 % is used, and, for products applied as granules, 1 % is used. These values come from data obtained using the Modified Californian Roller Method (Fuller et al, 2001;Rosenheck et al, 2001), and represent the upper end of the range from a number of studies with different compounds  SE = saliva extraction factor (%) (a default value of 50 % is recommended by US EPA, 2001; it refers to the fraction of pesticide extracted from a hand/object via saliva.…”

Measurement of transferable chemical residue from nylon carpet using the California roller and a new mega-California roller

“…[2] Thus, understanding the determinants of transfer from pesticide-treated surfaces to the skin is critical in estimating residential exposure. Historically, dislodgeable residues have been used as indicators of potential exposure to residents, and many different methods to measure transferability have been evaluated [vacuum sampler, [3] hand press, [4] polyurethane foam (PUF) roller, [5] California roller [6] modified California roller [7] Lioy, Wainman, Weisel (LWW) sampler [8] drag sled [9] solvent wipes [10] etc.] Implementation of the new US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulations on "intentional" dosing studies that may be used for regulating pesticides has virtually eliminated support for new human exposure monitoring studies with any chemical including non-pesticides, but not obviated the need for them.…”