Modified double dumbbell-shaped split-ring resonator-based negative permittivity metamaterial for satellite communications with high effective medium ratio

Abstract

Metamaterial with negative permittivity demonstrate excellent performance in cutting-edge technology. Thus, this study modified the double dumbbell-shaped split-ring resonator (MDD-SRR) based negative permittivity for satellite communications. The proposed MDD-SRR unit cell comprises a square-shaped split-ring resonator and two dumbbell-shaped rings. Some parts of the outer square ring were extended to enlarge the electrical length which altered the inductance of the metamaterial unit cell. The dimension of the proposed unit cell is 9 × 9 × 1.524 mm3, fabricated on a Rogers RT6002 (lossy) substrate material. Based on the results, five resonances for the transmission coefficient were achieved at frequencies of 2.896 GHz, 8.11 GHz, 9.76 GHz, 12.48 GHz and 13.49 GHz, including the S, X and Ku band satellite communication frequency bands through numerical simulation in a high-frequency electromagnetic simulator Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio. Negative permittivity at frequencies ranging from 2.896–3.76 GHz, 8.11–8.592 GHz, 9.76–10.784 GHz, 12.496–12.768 GHz, 13.504–14.4 GHz, were observed and extracted using the Robust and Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) methods. Meanwhile, an effective medium ratio (EMR) measured at 11.51 to 2.896 GHz specified the goodness of the metamaterial unit cell for satellite communication with higher bandwidth and gain. The simulated, circuit model and measured results that were compared for validation purposes indicated that the simulation results, the equivalent circuit model results and measured results occupied each other. Moreover, the numerical simulation of the double dumbbell-shaped metamaterial unit cell was performed using a High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) to confirm the results. To evaluate the parametric study, the proposed unit cell was subjected to change different substrate types, change of split gap of rings, change of direction of electromagnetic field propagation, and structural optimization. In conclusion, the S, X and Ku-bands in the proposed metamaterial are competent for satellite communications as they are also investigated using an array of a unit cell.

Parametric analysis of epsilon-negative (ENG) and near zero refractive index (NZRI) characteristics of extraordinary metamaterial for 5g millimetre-wave applications

“…MIMO system is a strategy that employs multiple transmitting and receiving antennas to improve all of the essential needs of communication systems such as channel capacity, data rate, and reliability. When many antennas are put near together, the main issue is performance reduction owing to poor isolation between the components [16,[17][18][19]. To reduce the mutual coupling of antenna arrays, several decoupling techniques have been developed such as current localization [19], defective ground structures (DGS) [9][10][11][12][13][14], parasitic disintegrating lines [18] and the utilization of EBG structures [8], are among the most important.…”

“…When many antennas are put near together, the main issue is performance reduction owing to poor isolation between the components [16,[17][18][19]. To reduce the mutual coupling of antenna arrays, several decoupling techniques have been developed such as current localization [19], defective ground structures (DGS) [9][10][11][12][13][14], parasitic disintegrating lines [18] and the utilization of EBG structures [8], are among the most important. Although the aforementioned methods are all focused on improving isolation alone, the idea of metamaterial (MTM) structures [3-12-13] has recently been widely incorporated into the design of antennas and telecommunications components in order to both improve isolation and boost the performance of the MIMO system by increasing gain and directivity.…”

Communication—Function-Oriented Design of 3D Carbon Networks Toward Negative Permittivity at kHz Frequencies

“…Negative permittivity (ε′ < 0), as one of the basic electromagnetic (EM) parameters for EM metamaterials, is urgently needed to be investigated since the realization of extraordinary physical phenomenon of metamaterials is partially based on it. [1][2][3] For instance, metamaterials with simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability can present negative refraction and reversed Doppler effect which provide revolutionary alternatives for novel sensors, antenna, microwave absorbers and optical lens. [1][2][3][4][5] Moreover, the theoretical and experimental exploration of negative permittivity and/or permeability (μ′ < 0) can not only benefit the establishing of dielectric and magnetic theory but also promote the practical applications of metamaterials.…”

“…[1][2][3] For instance, metamaterials with simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability can present negative refraction and reversed Doppler effect which provide revolutionary alternatives for novel sensors, antenna, microwave absorbers and optical lens. [1][2][3][4][5] Moreover, the theoretical and experimental exploration of negative permittivity and/or permeability (μ′ < 0) can not only benefit the establishing of dielectric and magnetic theory but also promote the practical applications of metamaterials. [4][5][6] Generally, negative permittivity originates from the periodically artificial units in metamaterials which can be tuned by changing the arrangement and geometrical parameters of ordered structures.…”

“…[4][5][6] Generally, negative permittivity originates from the periodically artificial units in metamaterials which can be tuned by changing the arrangement and geometrical parameters of ordered structures. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Recently, different from the patterned metamaterials, metacomposites typically employed the intrinsic properties of fillers and matrix materials which achieved the negative ε′ and/or μ′ through random microstructure. [7][8][9][10] For example, Fan et al pioneered the fabrication of metal/ceramic percolated metacomposites and achieved simultaneous negative ε′ and μ′ above percolation threshold (f c ).…”