Modified empirical parametrization of fragmentation cross sections

Sümmerer, K.; Blank, Β.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.61.034607

Cited by 271 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Several measurements of the charge-changing cross sections of carbon in water and tissue materials have been performed [4,5]. If compared to the predictions of different models [6,7,8,9,10,11], significant discrepancies are observed. Moreover, measurements of partial projectile fragmentation cross sections are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of total and partial charge-changing cross sections for 200- to 400-MeV/nucleonC12on water and polycarbonate

Toshito¹,

Kodama²,

Sihver³

et al. 2007

Phys. Rev. C

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We have studied charged nuclear fragments produced by 200 -400 MeV/nucleon carbon ions, interacting with water and polycarbonate, using a newly developed emulsion detector. Total and partial charge-changing cross sections for the production of B, Be, and Li fragments were measured and compared with both previously published measurements, and model predictions. This study is of importance for validating and improving carbon ion therapy treatment planning systems, and for estimating the radiological risks for personnel on space missions, since carbon is a significant component of the Galactic Cosmic Rays. PACS numbers: 25.70.Mn,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of total and partial charge-changing cross sections for 200- to 400-MeV/nucleonC12on water and polycarbonate

Toshito¹,

Kodama²,

Sihver³

et al. 2007

Phys. Rev. C

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“…Using a rough estimate for the integrated beam current and a transmission for 78 Ni fragments into the experimental vault of 65% calculated with the Monte-Carlo beam transport code MOCADI [18], we obtain a rough estimate of the production cross section of 0.02±0.01 pb. This is lower than the estimated cross section from the EPAX formula of 4 pb [19]. Decay half-lives were determined using a maximum likelihood analysis, which has been used before in experiments with low statistics [20], and in extreme cases with just 6 and 7 β-decay events [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

Half-Life of the Doubly Magicr-Process NucleusN78i

et al. 2005

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Nuclei with magic numbers serve as important benchmarks in nuclear theory. In addition, neutronrich nuclei play an important role in the astrophysical rapid neutron-capture process (r-process). 78 Ni is the only doubly-magic nucleus that is also an important waiting point in the r-process, and serves as a major bottleneck in the synthesis of heavier elements. The half-life of 78 Ni has been experimentally deduced for the first time at the Coupled Cyclotron Facility of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University, and was found to be 110 +100 −60 ms. In the same experiment, a first half-life was deduced for 77 Ni of 128 +27 −33 ms, and more precise half-lives were deduced for 75 Ni and 76 Ni of 344 +20 −24 ms and 238 +15 −18 ms respectively.Doubly-magic nuclei with completely filled proton and neutron shells are of fundamental interest in nuclear physics. The simplified structure of these nuclei and their direct neighbors allows one to benchmark key ingredients in nuclear structure theories such as single-particle energies and effective interactions. Doubly-magic nuclei also serve as cores for shell model calculations, dramatically truncating the model space, thus rendering feasible shell model calculations in heavy nuclei. All this is of particular importance for nuclei far from stability, where doubly-magic nuclei serve as beachheads in the unknown territory of the chart of nuclides [1,2].When considering the classic nuclear shell gaps and excluding superheavy nuclei, there are only 10 doublymagic nuclei, and only four of these are far from stability: 48 Ni, 78 Ni, 100 Sn, and 132 Sn. Of these, 48 Ni and 78 Ni are the most exotic ones, and the last ones with experimentally unknown properties. 78 Ni therefore represents a unique stepping stone towards the physics of extremely neutron-rich nuclei. In a pioneering experiment, Engelmann et al. Very neutron-rich nuclei play an important role in the astrophysical rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) [5,6]. The r-process is responsible for the origin of about half of the heavy elements beyond iron in nature, yet its site and exact mechanism are still unknown. 78 Ni is the only doubly-magic nucleus that represents an important waiting point in the path of the r-process, where the reaction sequence halts to wait for the decay of the nucleus [7].One popular astrophysical site for the r-process is the neutrino driven wind off a hot, newborn neutron star in a core-collapse supernova explosion [8]. In this case the rprocess begins around mass number A = 90, with lighter nuclei being produced as less neutron-rich species in an α-rich freeze-out. For such a scenario 78 Ni would not be directly relevant. However, the α-rich freezeout fails to accurately reproduce the observed abundances for nuclei with A = 80−90 [9], and the associated r-process does not produce sufficient amounts of the heaviest r-process nuclei around A =195 [10].78 Ni is among the important r-process waiting points in models that try to address these issues. Examples ...

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“…The most commonly used approaches are the EPAX parameterizations [11,12] and calculations based on the abrasion-ablation model [13]. In order to select the best reaction model for the production of 19 Mg, we tuned the A1900 to maximize the production of 20 Mg, which is particle stable.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%