Modified genetic algorithm based power allocation scheme for amplify-and-forward cooperative relay network

Gachhadar, Anand; Hindia, Mohammad Nour; Qamar, Faizan; Siddiqui, M. Hassam Shakil; Noordin, Kamarul Ariffin; Amiri, Iraj Sadegh

doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2018.04.022

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increment in demand of such an efficient system is deemed to attract massive numbers of users utilizing resources simultaneously, which in turn, requires both acquisition and utilization of the spectrum. Some exceptional candidate technologies that enable 5G to better accommodate a large number of users within the limited resource environment are, but not limited to, mmWave, massive multiple-input multiple-output (massive MIMO), multi-radio access technology (RAT), device-to-device (D2D) communication, and cooperative heterogeneous network (HetNet) [2][3][4][5][6][7].The requirement of achieving high reliability and low latency for many Internet of Things (IoT) uses is very critical. In this regard, for a new 5G use case, IoT applications are classified into two classes, i.e., massive machine-type communication (mMTC) and ultra-reliable low-latency communication.There are several practical applications that are possible for a 5G IoT network such as: (i) D2D communication without the need of a cellular network; (ii) real-time delay wireless link for medical robots which can help to do remote surgery; (iii) mMTC such as solar-powered streetlights to help citywide infrastructure, and many more.…”

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Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

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The advent of fifth-generation (5G) systems and their mechanics have introduced an unconventional frequency spectrum of high bandwidth with most falling under the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum. The benefit of adopting these bands of the frequency spectrum is two-fold. First, most of these bands appear to be unutilized and they are free, thus suggesting the absence of interference from other technologies. Second, the availability of a larger bandwidth offers higher data rates for all users, as there are higher numbers of users who are connected in a small geographical area, which is also stated as the Internet of Things (IoT). Nevertheless, high-frequency band poses several challenges in terms of coverage area limitations, signal attenuation, path and penetration losses, as well as scattering. Additionally, mmWave signal bands are susceptible to blockage from buildings and other structures, particularly in higher-density urban areas. Identifying the channel performance at a given frequency is indeed necessary to optimize communication efficiency between the transmitter and receiver. Therefore, this paper investigated the potential ability of mmWave path loss models, such as floating intercept (FI) and close-in (CI), based on real measurements gathered from urban microcell outdoor environments at 38 GHz conducted at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur campus. The measurement data were obtained by using a narrow band mmWave channel sounder equipped with a steerable direction horn antenna. It investigated the potential of the network for outdoor scenarios of line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) with both schemes of co-(vertical-vertical) and cross (vertical-horizontal) polarization. The parameters were selected to reflect the performance and the variances with other schemes, such as average users cell throughput, throughput of users that are at cell-edges, fairness index, and spectral efficiency. The outcomes were examined for various antenna configurations as well as at different channel bandwidths to prove the enhancement of overall network performance. This work showed that the CI path loss model predicted greater network performance for the LOS condition, and also estimated significant outcomes for the NLOS environment. The outputs proved that the FI path loss model, particularly for V-V antenna polarization, gave system simulation results that were unsuitable for the NLOS scenario. IntroductionIn a 5G communication network, mobile operators are forced to use a high-frequency spectrum due to the limited amount of channel bandwidth. The 5G boosts the overall performance and enhances user experience offered by the present generation mobile technologies. Some of the most hyped features include higher data-rates, lower end-to-end delays, and minimal energy consumption [1]. In order to meet a common goal, several technologies need to be implemented in a fashion that allows the smooth operation of the overall network as a singular body. Nevertheless, vast technologies and communication...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

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“…Smart devices in fifth generation (5G) wireless systems can be loaded not only with a variety of sensors, but also by different means of communication that enable access to the Internet. Technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, and more recently Wi-Fi P2P (Wi-Fi Direct), can be used to enrich the smart side of these devices by enabling D2D communication and providing more functionality to enhance the user experience [15,16] and facilitate interactivity with the surrounding environment [17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, such level of user experience and interactivity may become seriously reduced in remote areas with intermittent cellular services and/or lack of Wi-Fi coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility, Residual Energy, and Link Quality Aware Multipath Routing in MANETs with Q-learning Algorithm

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To facilitate connectivity to the internet, the easiest way to establish communication infrastructure in areas affected by natural disaster and in remote locations with intermittent cellular services and/or lack of Wi-Fi coverage is to deploy an end-to-end connection over Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). However, the potentials of MANETs are yet to be fully realized as existing MANETs routing protocols still suffer some major technical drawback in the areas of mobility, link quality, and battery constraint of mobile nodes between the overlay connections. To address these problems, a routing scheme named Mobility, Residual energy and Link quality Aware Multipath (MRLAM) is proposed for routing in MANETs. The proposed scheme makes routing decisions by determining the optimal route with energy efficient nodes to maintain the stability, reliability, and lifetime of the network over a sustained period of time. The MRLAM scheme uses a Q-Learning algorithm for the selection of optimal intermediate nodes based on the available status of energy level, mobility, and link quality parameters, and then provides positive and negative reward values accordingly. The proposed routing scheme reduces energy cost by 33% and 23%, end to end delay by 15% and 10%, packet loss ratio by 30.76% and 24.59%, and convergence time by 16.49% and 11.34% approximately, compared with other well-known routing schemes such as Multipath Optimized Link State Routing protocol (MP-OLSR) and MP-OLSRv2, respectively. Overall, the acquired results indicate that the proposed MRLAM routing scheme significantly improves the overall performance of the network.

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“…In order to achieve an acceptable quality of service (QoS), various potential solutions are being developed, such as the use of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency band [7]- [9], massive MIMO [10], cooperative network using RNs [11], coordinated multi-point operation (CoMP) [12], wireless software-defined networking (WSDN) [13], D2D communication [14], internet of things (IoT) [15], [16], ethernet passive optical network (EPON) [17], and big data & mobile cloud computing [18]. The 5G network will be capable of incorporating existing technologies, such as several advanced power optimization techniques [19], [20] and optimal scheduling algorithms [21]. Furthermore, the 5G network will be designed to be compatible with various enabling technologies, such as network function virtualization (NFV), advanced radio access techniques, and green communication [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stochastically Geometrical Poisson Point Process Approach for the Future 5G D2D Enabled Cooperative Cellular Network

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Due to recent developments in the cellular communication system, stochastic process implementation is necessary. The cellular communication system exhibits random patterns in various domains, thereby compelling the utilization of stochastic processes to achieve an optimal output. User behaviors with respect to the variable geographical pattern, population density, architecture, data usage, and mobility over various cells are random in nature. Therefore, the stochastic-geometry-based Poisson point process (PPP) technique can be implemented to accurately analyze these random processes in device-to-device (D2D)based cooperative cellular networks. The stochastic modeling entails the consideration of transmitters and receivers as the elements of stochastic point processes. The hexagonal method is not applicable for the implementation of heterogeneous network topologies, as it is not suitable for topologies, in which the cell size is not fixed. Therefore, a randomly designed heterogeneous network uses stochastic geometry as a viable solution for predicting the probabilistic parameters, including the cell interference, load distribution, coverage probability, base station (BS) mapping, and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Moreover, as a network architecture that is based on relay nodes (RNs), cellular and D2D users can be utilized in the domain of homogeneous random models. The associated phenomenon can be considered independent and Poisson. In this paper, the stochastic-geometric-based PPP approach is introduced for modeling the SINR, success probability, ergodic capacity, and outage probability for the D2D-enabled cooperative cellular network. The proposed PPP realistic model utilizes BS, RN, the cellular user (CU), and D2D user positioning method to design an interference-free network. The success probability, ergodic capacity, and outage probability for cellular and D2D users are used as metrics for evaluating the results with respect to various SINR threshold values and node densities. Moreover, the total success probability, ergodic capacity, and outage probability have been calculated for various multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configurations to validate the results. The results confirmed that the proposed PPP model approach outperforms the grid model and conventional multi-antenna ultra-dense network (UDN) approaches. INDEX TERMS 5G, stochastic geometry, interference cancellation, multi-hop communication, Poisson point process (PPP), D2D enabled cellular network.

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Modified genetic algorithm based power allocation scheme for amplify-and-forward cooperative relay network

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

Investigation of Future 5G-IoT Millimeter-Wave Network Performance at 38 GHz for Urban Microcell Outdoor Environment

Mobility, Residual Energy, and Link Quality Aware Multipath Routing in MANETs with Q-learning Algorithm

A Stochastically Geometrical Poisson Point Process Approach for the Future 5G D2D Enabled Cooperative Cellular Network

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