Modified Gingival Index (MGI) Classification Using Dental Selfies

Tobias, Guy; Spanier, Assaf B.

doi:10.3390/app10248923

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Patients who agreed to participate to the study were asked to fill in a questionnaire, according to Helsinki regulations. Age and days of hospitalization were recorded, together with the following periodontal and oral health indices, registered in the hospital ward with informed consent: Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) [ 19 ], Plaque Index (PI) [ 20 ], and Modified Gingival Index [ 21 ]. The DMFT index was scored by summing up all teeth with restorations, teeth missing at the moment of the survey, and teeth with extensive carious process that would inevitably cause the loss of the tooth (the cause of loss of dental elements, due to caries or periodontal disease, was revealed following the medical history and interview with the patients).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Hygiene Practice among Hospitalized Patients: An Assessment by Dental Hygiene Students

et al. 2022

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Aim: An epidemiological study was carried out, in hospital wards, with the aim of assessing the oral health status of patients subjected to multiple medical treatments. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Pavia, Italy). A questionnaire was submitted to patients for the evaluation of oral hygiene devices used; then, a clinical examination was conducted to collect Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, Plaque Index (PI), and Marginal Gingival Index (MGI) values. Results: Manual toothbrushes were used by a wide range of the sample study (65–100% among hospital wards), together with mouthwash (20–80%); interproximal aids were used by few patients (the lowest recorded value was 33.3%). Conclusion: dental hygienists could be integrated into hospital wards as oral hygiene procedure instructors, for the improvement of the oral health conditions of hospitalized patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Hygiene Practice among Hospitalized Patients: An Assessment by Dental Hygiene Students

et al. 2022

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“…Regarding clinical parameters, we chose the GI as a primary outcome objective, since (i) it was used in studies presenting beneficial effects of probiotics [ 45 , 46 , 86 – 88 ], (ii) it was considered the most common index used in preventive/ therapeutic clinical trials evaluating gingival inflammation [ 98 ], (iii) it has been supported by histological studies (high GI: infiltrated connective tissue) [ 99 ] and (iv) it provides more parameters than other gingival indices, e.g., BOP-Index solely determines the presence of bleeding [ 100 ] and the modified gingival index (MGI) uses only visual parameters [ 101 ], which is biased due to subjective measurements of color changes of the gingiva [ 98 ]. Regarding plaque accumulation, we will use the modified plaque index (MPI) [ 66 ], since it allows to describe the amount of plaque not only in approximal areas like the approximal plaque index (API) [ 61 ], but also on the cervical area and around the bracket since additional plaque retention niches need to be evaluated in orthodontic patients and since probiotics reduced plaque accumulation [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of probiotics on the periodontium, the oral microbiota and the immune response during orthodontic treatment in adolescent and adult patients (ProMB Trial): study protocol for a prospective, double-blind, controlled, randomized clinical trial

et al. 2022

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Background Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is often necessary to correct malocclusions in adolescence or adulthood. However, oral hygiene is complicated by appliances, and prior studies indicate that they may trigger oral inflammation and dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, especially during the first 3 months after insertion, and, thus, may present a risk for inflammatory oral diseases. In recent periodontal therapeutic studies, probiotics have been applied to improve clinical parameters and reduce local inflammation. However, limited knowledge exists concerning the effects of probiotics in orthodontics. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of probiotics during orthodontic treatment. Methods This study is a monocentric, randomized, double blind, controlled clinical study to investigate the effectiveness of daily adjuvant use of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (Prodentis®-lozenges, DSM 17938, ATCC PTA 5289) versus control lozenges during the first three months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Following power analysis, a total of 34 adolescent patients (age 12–17) and 34 adult patients (18 years and older) undergoing orthodontic treatment at the University Hospital Erlangen will be assigned into 2 parallel groups using a randomization plan for each age group. The primary outcome measure is the change of the gingival index after 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes include the probing pocket depth, the modified plaque index, the composition of the oral microbiota, the local cytokine expression and—only for adults—serum cytokine levels and the frequencies of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system in peripheral blood. Discussion Preventive strategies in everyday orthodontic practice include oral hygiene instructions and regular dental cleaning. Innovative methods, like adjuvant use of oral probiotics, are missing. The aim of this study is to analyse, whether probiotics can improve clinical parameters, reduce inflammation and prevent dysbiosis of the oral microbiota during orthodontic treatment. If successful, this study will provide the basis for a new strategy of prophylaxis of oral dysbiosis-related diseases during treatment with fixed appliances. Trial registration This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov in two parts under the number NCT04598633 (Adolescents, registration date 10/22/2020), and NCT04606186 (Adults, registration date 10/28/2020).

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“…Moncada et al [ 33 ] showed that calibration can restore the brightness, contrast, and color of images such that they match the actual clinical condition. Tobias et al [ 38 ] proposed a dental self-timer to accurately assess gingival health through photographs. The present study evaluated the gingival status of full-crown restorations, and there was high agreement between the camera-based assessment and clinical examination in the calibration group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the marginal adaptation and gingival status of full-crown restorations using an intraoral camera

Chiu¹,

Lee²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

BMC Oral Health

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Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the usefulness of intraoral photographs, acquired with a household intraoral camera operating in conventional, calibrated, and polarized modes, with clinical examinations for assessing the marginal adaptation and gingival status of full-crown restorations. Methods Clinical examinations were performed by a prosthodontist who classified the marginal adaptation of full-crown restorations according to FDI World Dental Federation criteria, and a periodontal expert who classified gingival status according to the Modified Gingival Index (MGI). The margins and gingival status of the conventional, calibration, and polarization groups of full-crown restorations were independently assessed by three evaluators who obtained photographs using an intraoral camera. Cases where at least two of three assessors were in agreement were analyzed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient and the chi-square test, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results The conventional, calibration, and polarization groups differed significantly in marginal and gingival status of full-crown restorations. In the calibration group, there was good agreement between the camera-based and oral clinical examinations in terms of the gingival status of full-crown restorations (kappa = 0.945), with 100% sensitivity and 91.67% specificity; this was also the case in the polarization group with respect to the margins of full-crown restorations (kappa = 0.917, sensitivity = 97.22%, specificity = 94.44%). Conclusions An intraoral camera with black and white calibrated images is useful to assess the gingival status of full-crown restorations. Polarization mode can be used to assess the marginal adaptation of full-crown restorations. The camera is a feasible and valid diagnostic aid.

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Modified Gingival Index (MGI) Classification Using Dental Selfies

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Oral Hygiene Practice among Hospitalized Patients: An Assessment by Dental Hygiene Students

Oral Hygiene Practice among Hospitalized Patients: An Assessment by Dental Hygiene Students

Influence of probiotics on the periodontium, the oral microbiota and the immune response during orthodontic treatment in adolescent and adult patients (ProMB Trial): study protocol for a prospective, double-blind, controlled, randomized clinical trial

Evaluation of the marginal adaptation and gingival status of full-crown restorations using an intraoral camera

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