Modified gums: Approaches and applications in drug delivery

Rana, Vikas; Rai, Parshuram; Tiwary, Ashok K.; Singh, Ram Sarup; Kennedy, John F.; Knill, Charles J.

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.09.010

Cited by 356 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…They have diverse applications as thickeners, emulsifiers, viscosifiers, sweeteners etc. [1]. The term "gum" is used to describe a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides that come across widespread industrial applications due to their ability either to form the gel or make the viscous solution or stabilize the emulsion systems [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Properties of Six Plant-Based Seed Gums

Chang¹,

Li²,

Miao³

et al. 2017

AJAC

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The rheological properties of six mucilage solutions (Guar Gum, Locust Bean Gum, Tamarind Gum, Flaxseed Gum, Artemisia Sphaerocephala Krasch Gum and Cassia Gum) have been examined. It was found that all six gums could be classified into three different types according to the changes of viscosity with increasing shear rate. Steady shear viscous properties in a range of shear rate from 0.1 to 100 s −1 were investigated in the provision of mucilage concentration, pH, temperature and salts. A non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior was observed. The data of viscosity-shear successfully correlated Power law model. Apparent viscosity was apparently dependent on mucilage concentration increasing significantly as mass fraction went up. A marked dependence of viscosity on temperature was also observed; as temperature increased, the viscosity decreased sharply. The value n of flaxseed gum is minimum, which means it behaves the greatest shear-thinning properties. Both Guar gum and Tamarind gum possessed better acid-proof and alkali-proof advantages. The flow activation energy of ASKG is 4.3 kcal which is higher than other gums so that the influence of temperature on characteristics of viscosity is stronger. The mechanical spectra in the linear viscoelasticity region were studied in the temperature range from 20˚C to 90˚C, at a frequency range from 0.1 to 10 Hz. It was observed that Both elastic modulus G' and viscous modulus G" behaviors were found to be dependent on temperature and frequency. What have been investigated in this work could provide guidance for practical application in the field of food industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Properties of Six Plant-Based Seed Gums

Chang¹,

Li²,

Miao³

et al. 2017

AJAC

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“…They have assorted applications as thickeners, food emulsifiers, viscosifiers, sweeteners, and so on in confectionery, and as binders and drug release modifiers in pharmaceutical dosage forms. 24 Traditionally, India is the largest producer and exporter of gum karaya (GK), while Europe is the largest importer of GK. 25 Physicochemical properties, as well as the structural, occurrence, production, food, and nonfood applications of GK have been widely studied by different research groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using gum karaya as a biotemplate and their antibacterial application

Padil¹,

Černík²

2013

IJN

220

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Background:Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles have attracted huge attention due to catalytic, electric, optical, photonic, textile, nanofluid, and antibacterial activity depending on the size, shape, and neighboring medium. In the present paper, we synthesized CuO nanoparticles using gum karaya, a natural nontoxic hydrocolloid, by green technology and explored its potential antibacterial application. Methods: The CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by a colloid-thermal synthesis process. The mixture contained various concentrations of CuCl 2 ⋅ 2H 2 O (1 mM, 2 mM, and 3 mM) and gum karaya (10 mg/mL) and was kept at 75°C at 250 rpm for 1 hour in an orbital shaker. The synthesized CuO was purified and dried to obtain different sizes of the CuO nanoparticles. The well diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of the synthesized CuO nanoparticles. The zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined by the broth microdilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed CuO nanoparticles evenly distributed on the surface of the gum matrix. X-ray diffraction of the synthesized nanoparticles indicates the formation of single-phase CuO with a monoclinic structure. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy peak at 525 cm −1 should be a stretching of CuO, which matches up to the B 2u mode.The peaks at 525 cm −1 and 580 cm −1 indicated the formation of CuO nanostructure. Transmission electron microscope analyses revealed CuO nanoparticles of 4.8 ± 1.6 nm, 5.5 ± 2.5 nm, and 7.8 ± 2.3 nm sizes were synthesized with various concentrations of CuCl 2 ⋅ 2H 2 O (1 mM, 2 mM, and 3 mM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy profiles indicated that the O 1s and Cu 2p peak corresponding to the CuO nanoparticles were observed. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested against Gram-negative and positive cultures. Conclusion:The formed CuO nanoparticles are small in size (4.8 ± 1.6 nm), highly stable, and have significant antibacterial action on both the Gram classes of bacteria compared to larger sizes of synthesized CuO (7.8 ± 2.3 nm) nanoparticles. The smaller size of the CuO nanoparticles (4.8 ± 1.6 nm) was found to be yielding a maximum zone of inhibition compared to the larger size of synthesized CuO nanoparticles (7.8 ± 2.3 nm). The results also indicate that increase in precursor concentration enhances an increase in particle size, as well as the morphology of synthesized CuO nanoparticles.

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“…The polysaccharide gums have a different molecular structure and properties, but their common advantages such as renewable, biodegradable, nontoxic, biocompatibility, etc. make them useful in extensive applications as a commercial polymer in many areas [14,15]. Among the conducting polymers (CPs), polyaniline (PANI) is a well-known versatile conducting material, which has found particular biological utility due to its easy synthesis, low cost, tunable conductivity, and environmental stability [16,17].…”

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confidence: 99%