Modified Habitats Influence Kelp Epibiota via Direct and Indirect Effects

Marzinelli, Ezequiel M.; Underwood, A. J.; Coleman, Ross A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021936

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Several physical and biological properties of pilings may explain differences between habitats in recruitment of bryozoans to kelps (see Introduction). Of the factors shown to affect bryo zoans on kelps in this system (Marzinelli et al 2011), shade is likely to affect settlement of larvae because they often respond to reduced amounts of light (Thorson 1964, Rodriguez et al 1993. For example, experimental shading of primary substra- Table 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, greater densities of sea urchins may reduce settlement of larvae in reefs by enfolding the fronds for attachment or increase post-settlement mor tality by grazing on the kelps (Wahl & Hay 1995). Reducing the shade caused by piers and transplanting urchins to pilings may thus minimize the changes in biodiversity caused by pilings (Marzinelli et al 2011). Patterns of biodiversity are generated and maintained by dynamic ecological processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The piers supported by the pilings reduce light significantly, and pilings support much smaller abundances of the sea urchin Holopneustes purpuras cens, which lives on the canopy of kelps and feeds on its laminae. Manipulative experiments showed that greater shade and smaller numbers of urchins on pilings are the main factors influencing covers of bryo zoans (Marzinelli et al 2011). These factors are likely to affect several ecological processes, such as recruitment and growth of the bryozoans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified habitats change ecological processes affecting a non-indigenous epibiont

Marzinelli

Underwood²,

Coleman³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Urbanisation of coastal habitats, particularly the increased numbers of pier-pilings, jetties and seawalls along shorelines, affects natural systems. Epibiota on secondary substrata (kelps, Ecklonia radiata) in man-made structures differ from those in natural habitats, but they have received considerably less attention. To understand the consequences of changes in the structure of these assemblages, it is therefore necessary to determine which ecological processes are being affected and the factors influencing them. In Sydney Harbour, kelps on pier-pilings supported greater covers of bryozoans, particularly of the non-indigenous species Membranipora membranacea, than found on natural reefs. Experimental transplants of kelps without epibiota from reefs to pilings showed that recruitment and growth of colonies of M. membranacea were much greater on pilings than on reefs. Patterns of distribution and abundance of this epibiotic bryo zoan are determined by a combination of these processes and probably influenced by differences in abiotic and biotic characteristics between habitats. Understanding how these components of habitats affect ecological processes is necessary to allow sensible prediction of the effects of modifying habitats on the ecology of organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified habitats change ecological processes affecting a non-indigenous epibiont

Marzinelli

Underwood²,

Coleman³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Interactions between fouling organisms such as grazer abundance and predation can in turn affect the abundance and distribution of other fouling organisms. Marzinelli et al (2011) modelled the presence of artificial habitats such as pilings on sea urchin abundance and found that a decrease in the abundance of sea urchins caused an increase in the cover of fouling bryozoans on kelp. In addition, competition between species can have an effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successional changes of epibiont fouling communities of the cultivated kelp Alaria esculenta: predictability and influences

Walls¹,

Edwards²,

Firth³

et al. 2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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There has been an increase in commercial-scale kelp cultivation in Europe, with fouling of cultivated kelp fronds presenting a major challenge to the growth and development of the industry. The presence of epibionts decreases productivity and impacts the commercial value of the crop. Several abiotic and biotic factors may influence the occurrence and degree of fouling of wild and cultivated fronds. Using a commercial kelp farm on the SW coast of Ireland, we studied the development of fouling communities on cultivated Alaria esculenta fronds over 2 typical growing seasons. The predictability of community development was assessed by comparing mean occurrence-day. Hypotheses that depth, kelp biomass, position within the farm and the hydrodynamic environment affect the fouling communities were tested using species richness and community composition. Artificial kelp mimics were used to test whether local frond density could affect the fouling communities. Species richness increased over time during both years, and species composition was consistent over years with early successional communities converging into later communities (no significant differences between June 2014 and June 2015 communities, ANOSIM; R = −0.184, p > 0.05). The timing of species occurrences was predictable across years for all shared species. Variations in biomass, depth and position within the farm had no significant effect on species richness and composition. Results from artificial kelp mimics suggest possible hydrodynamic effects. The ability to understand succession and the timing of occurrences of fouling organisms and predict their arrival has significant benefits for the seaweed cultivation industry.

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“…It is important to understand the mechanisms of combined environmental stressors in order to predict an organism's responses to future climate scenarios. Experimental transplants can provide a better understanding of such effects (Marzinelli et al 2009(Marzinelli et al , 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term ecophysiological and biochemical responses of Cystoseira tamariscifolia and Ellisolandia elongata to environmental changes

Celis-Plá¹,

Martínez²,

Quintano³

et al. 2014

Aquat. Biol.

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Short-term ecophysiological and biochemical responses of Cystoseira tamariscifolia and Ellisolandia elongata to changes in solar irradiance and nutrient levels were analyzed in situ in oligotrophic coastal waters by transferring macroalgae collected at 0.5 and 2.0 m depth and exposing them to 2 irradiance levels (100 and 70% of surface irradiance) and nutrient conditions (nutrient-enriched and non-enriched). Both species were affected by changes in irradiance and nutrient levels. Few interactive effects between these 2 physical stressors were found, suggesting major additive effects on both species. C. tamariscifolia collected at 0.5 m and exposed to 70% irradiance had the highest maximal electron transport rate (ETR max ), saturated irradiance (Ek ETR ) and chl a content and the lowest antioxidant activity. Under the same conditions, E. elongata had increased Ek ETR , antheraxanthin and β-carotene content. At 100% irradiance, C. tamariscifolia collected at 2.0 m had higher maximal quantum yield (F v /F m ), photosynthetic efficiency (α ETR ), ETR max , maximal non-photochemical quenching (NPQ max ), saturation irradiance for NPQ (Ek NPQ ), and antheraxanthin and polyphenol content increased, whereas in E. elongata only α ETR increased. In nutrient-enriched conditions, phenolic compounds, several carotenoids and N content increased in C. tamariscifolia at both depths. E. elongata from 2.0 m depth at 100% irradiance and nutrient-enriched conditions showed increased N content and total mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Our results show rapid photophysiological responses of C. tamariscifolia to variations in in situ irradiance and nutrient conditions, suggesting efficient photoacclimation to environmental changes. In E. elongata, F v /F m and ETR max did not change in the transplant experiment; in contrast, N content, pigment and MAAs (biochemical variables) changed. The responses of these macroalgae to nutrient enrichment indicate oligotrophic conditions at the study site and environmental stress.

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Modified Habitats Influence Kelp Epibiota via Direct and Indirect Effects

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Modified habitats change ecological processes affecting a non-indigenous epibiont

Modified habitats change ecological processes affecting a non-indigenous epibiont

Successional changes of epibiont fouling communities of the cultivated kelp Alaria esculenta: predictability and influences

Short-term ecophysiological and biochemical responses of Cystoseira tamariscifolia and Ellisolandia elongata to environmental changes

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