Modified hysterosalpingography during infertility work-up: use of contrast medium and saline to investigate mechanical factors

The effect of preprocedure anxiety levels on postprocedure pain scores in women undergoing hysterosalpingography

“…In one study, the sensation of pain during HSG was statistically significantly higher in patients with unilateral and bilateral tubal obstruction. 20 There are no studies directly evaluating the effects of anxiety on tubal patency in literature. But in our study, we found out that there was no association between BAI score and tubal patency or history of surgery.…”

Three- or four-dimensional hysterosalpingo contrast sonography for diagnosing tubal patency in infertile females: a systematic review with meta-analysis

“…1 Morphological and functional abnormalities of the fallopian tubes, such as obstruction, distortion, stiffness and peristaltic incongruity arising from various diseases, account for 25-30% of all cases of infertility. 2 Accurate evaluation of tubal patency can provide an important evidence for clinical targeted treatments. Therefore, the accurate evaluation of tubal patency is one of the fundamental steps in the diagnostic work-up of infertile females.…”

Comparison of warm and cold contrast media for hysterosalpingography: a prospective, randomized study

“…Approximately 16%-54% of patients undergoing HSG experience vasovagal symptoms, which include nausea, vomiting, sweating, weakness, and even bradycardia (2,3). Many techniques have been developed to reduce the frequency and severity of the adverse reactions associated with HSG, including prophylactic analgesia, pretreatment with corticosteroids, and the use of nonionic contrast media (4)(5)(6)(7). The benefits of these techniques are disputed; for example, a recent Cochrane review (8) reported that the use of pain medications during HSG was not associated with a decrease in patients' pain levels.…”