Modified Inorganic Polymer Flocculant-PFSi: Its Preparation, Characterization and Coagulation Behavior

Enhanced coagulation with polyaluminum chlorides: Role of pH/Alkalinity and speciation

“…Various chemical and instrumental methods have been used in monitoring the hydrolysis/polymerization process and characterizing the chemical species distribution. Each of these methods, however, has its specialty and shortcomings (Tang, 1990;Parker and Bertsch, 1992;Wang and Tang, 2001). Nevertheless, in recent years, the ferron timed complexation spectrophotometry method has become the main popular characterization method (Hsu and Cao, 1991;Wang et al, 2004).…”

Hydrolyzed Al(III)-clusters. II: Speciation transformation and stability of Al13 aggregates

“…Among the IPFs, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) is the most efficient, widely applied coagulant and has a mature production technology. PACl containing high content of Al 13 -nanoflocculant (containing more than 70% Al 13 ) and methods to prepare pure Al 13 have become recently the target in the research of nano-IPFs [4,5]. They are also of interest in several other fields such as catalysis, pharmaceuticals and paper industry [6,7].…”

Hydrolyzed Al(III) clusters: Speciation stability of nano-Al13

“…Compared with the traditional coagulants, IPFs can give markedly improved coagulation effects, and show many advantages such as low dosage, efficient sedimentation, low sludge volume and flexibility to various water quality conditions (Gray et al, 1995;Tang, 1998;Solomentseva et al, 1999;Wang and Tang, 2001;Wang et al, 2002). Therefore, IPFs have the potential to become the main reagents for water and wastewater treatment.…”