Modified procedure for the sol–gel processing of indium–tin oxide (ITO) films

Transparent indium tin oxide as inkjet‐printed thin film electrodes for organic field‐effect transistors

“…The formation of patterns or structures of ITO by printing or stamping, e.g. gravure printing 5, inkjet printing 6, 7, pad printing 8 or nanoimprint lithography 9, can be achieved with two types of inks. On the one hand stable dispersion of nanoparticles 5–7, can be used, while on the other hand the usage of solution processing is an alternative technique.…”

“…These precursor molecules have to be converted into the ceramic afterwards. Necessary foir TCOs is a sufficient green body density during the conversion which allows by further sintering and annealing in a reducing atmosphere (commonly forming gas atmosphere) to achieve low resistivities 6–9.…”

“…Although several examples of sol–gel procedures were suggested for the manufacturing of ITO, the resulting films are still lacking with respect to uniformity and surface roughness 10–12. Recently, modifications were suggested, which overcome this problem by starting with relatively porous films and repeating the infiltration process several times to achieve dense films 8, 13. Accordingly reports for the use of sol–gel processes in connection with printing are still scarce 8.…”

“…Recently, modifications were suggested, which overcome this problem by starting with relatively porous films and repeating the infiltration process several times to achieve dense films 8, 13. Accordingly reports for the use of sol–gel processes in connection with printing are still scarce 8.…”

Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of ITO films at anodic and cathodic polarization in sodium hydroxide solution

“…However, up to now, majority studies have been focused on the kinetics and mechanisms of the growth [4,5], modifying procedure of the preparation process [6] and the influence of basic properties by different preparation methods [7][8][9][10], without paying much attention to electrochemical stability of ITO. In a general way, oxides are expected to be stable against oxidative processes since the metal cation is at its highest oxidation state.…”