The effective usage of energy becomes crucial for the successful deployment and operation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in different applications, such as surveillance, transportation, and communication networks. The increasing demand for UAVs in different industries such as agriculture, logistics, and emergency response has led to the development of more sophisticated and advanced UAVs. However, the limited onboard energy resource of UAVs poses a major problem for their long-term operation and endurance. In addition, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) could allow UAVs to make more informed and intelligent decisions regarding their operations, resulting in sustainable and more energyefficient UAV deployment. This article designs a Hybrid Snake Optimizer-based Route Selection Approach for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Communication (HSO-RSAUAVC) technique. The goal of the HSO-RSAUAVC technique is to explore and select optimal routes for UAV communication. In the presented HSO-RSAUAVC technique, the SO algorithm is integrated with Bernoulli Chaotic Mapping and Levy flight (LF) for enhanced performance. In addition, the HSO-RSAUAVC method derives a fitness function including residual energy (RE), distance, and UAV degree. By incorporating the HSO-RSAUAVC technique, we can dynamically adapt UAV paths to overcome obstacles, decrease communication interference, and optimize energy utilization. To validate the performance of the proposed model, a series of simulations were performed. The comparative result analysis illustrates the better performance of the HSO-RSAUAVC technique in improving the performance and reliability of UAV communication.INDEX TERMS Unmanned aerial vehicles; Routing; Snake optimizer; Energy efficiency; Fitness function
I. INTRODUCTIONRecently, with the fast growth of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, UAVs have been extensively utilized in numerous domains [1]. Various kinds of UAVs can support people to accomplish some comparatively risky, impossible, and urgent tasks, like map reconstruction, ocean exploration, environmental analysis, aerial photography, and material distribution [2]. However, the existing UAVs are inadequately intelligent for performing difficult activities, and still major of them require people's real-time control [3]. A single UAV could only execute moderately easy tasks, nonetheless, the UAV set could effectively perform several laborious and complex tasks after acceptable task planning [4]. The task distribution issue is identical to the combinatorial optimizer decision issue for many UAVs. It is an integration method developed to satisfy UAV efficiency and limitations. The