Modified sensory feedback enhances the sense of agency during continuous body movements in virtual reality

Aoyagi, Kei; Wen, Wen; An, Qi; Hamasaki, Shunsuke; Yamakawa, Hiroshi; Tamura, Yusuke; Yamashita, Atsushi; Asama, Hajime

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82154-y

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This sense of ‘presence’, which captures the feeling that a user is truly there in virtual world, results from the immersion the user feels as a result of realistic multisensory illusions [ 30 , 31 ]. This feeling also provides a sense of agency over the environment, increases task engagement, and can affect cognition, social behavior, and memory [ 1 , 32 , 33 ]. Naturalistic stimuli also capture and maintain attention more authentically than simple two-dimensional stimuli because they tap into more sophisticated top-down attention pathways that incorporate context, prior knowledge, and goals rather than purely feature-based attention [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid assessment of hand reaching using virtual reality and application in cerebellar stroke

et al. 2022

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The acquisition of sensory information about the world is a dynamic and interactive experience, yet the majority of sensory research focuses on perception without action and is conducted with participants who are passive observers with very limited control over their environment. This approach allows for highly controlled, repeatable experiments and has led to major advances in our understanding of basic sensory processing. Typical human perceptual experiences, however, are far more complex than conventional action-perception experiments and often involve bi-directional interactions between perception and action. Innovations in virtual reality (VR) technology offer an approach to close this notable disconnect between perceptual experiences and experiments. VR experiments can be conducted with a high level of empirical control while also allowing for movement and agency as well as controlled naturalistic environments. New VR technology also permits tracking of fine hand movements, allowing for seamless empirical integration of perception and action. Here, we used VR to assess how multisensory information and cognitive demands affect hand movements while reaching for virtual targets. First, we manipulated the visibility of the reaching hand to uncouple vision and proprioception in a task measuring accuracy while reaching toward a virtual target (n = 20, healthy young adults). The results, which as expected revealed multisensory facilitation, provided a rapid and a highly sensitive measure of isolated proprioceptive accuracy. In the second experiment, we presented the virtual target only briefly and showed that VR can be used as an efficient and robust measurement of spatial memory (n = 18, healthy young adults). Finally, to assess the feasibility of using VR to study perception and action in populations with physical disabilities, we showed that the results from the visual-proprioceptive task generalize to two patients with recent cerebellar stroke. Overall, we show that VR coupled with hand-tracking offers an efficient and adaptable way to study human perception and action.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid assessment of hand reaching using virtual reality and application in cerebellar stroke

et al. 2022

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“…SoA refers to the feeling of control over one’s actions. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of SoA during continuous body movements [ 48 ]. In addition, SoA and path integration shared overlapping brain regions such as the premotor cortex and supramarginal gyrus [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Split-Half Reliability and Construct Validity of the Virtual Reality-Based Path Integration Task in the Healthy Population

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Brain Sciences

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Objective: The virtual reality (VR)-based path integration task shows substantial promise in predicting dementia risk. However, the reliability and validity in healthy populations need further exploration. The present study investigates the relationship between task indicators and brain structures in a healthy population using a VR-based navigation task, particularly the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus. Methods: Sixty healthy adults were randomly recruited to perform a VR-based path integration task, the digit span task (DST), and an MRI scan. The indicators of the VR-based path integration task were calculated, including the absolute distance error (ADE), degree of angle deviation (DAD), degree of path deviation (DPD), and return time (Time). The reliability of the above indicators was then estimated using the split-half method and Cronbach’s alpha. Correlation and regression analyses were then performed to examine the associations between these indicators and age, general cognitive ability (DST), and brain structural measures. Results: ADE, DAD, and DPD showed reasonable split-half reliability estimates (0.84, 0.81, and 0.72) and nice Cronbach’s alpha estimates (0.90, 0.86, and 0.96). All indicators correlated with age and DST. ADE and DAD were sensitive predictors of hippocampal volume, and return time was a predictor of EC thickness. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the VR-based path integration task exhibits good reliability and validity in the healthy population. The task indicators are age-sensitive, can capture working memory capacity, and are closely related to the integrity of individual EC and hippocampal structures.

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“…Over the years, many studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of modified visual feedback on body consciousness and behavior (Slater et al, 2008;Burin et al, 2019;Keenaghan et al, 2020;Aoyagi et al, 2021), indicating that sense of agency is affected by the visual feedback. This is because the mismatch between the intended motion and the actual visual feedback directly affects the level of the sense of agency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Visual Feedback Using Immersive VR Affects Decision Making Regarding Hand Use With a Simulated Impaired Limb

Sakabe

Altukhaim

Hayashi

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The long-term effects of impairment have a negative impact on the quality of life of stroke patients in terms of not using the affected limb even after some recovery (i.e., learned non-use). Immersive virtual reality (IVR) has been introduced as a new approach for the treatment of stroke rehabilitation. We propose an IVR-based therapeutic approach to incorporate positive reinforcement components in motor coordination as opposed to constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). This study aimed to investigate the effect of IVR-reinforced physical therapy that incorporates positive reinforcement components in motor coordination. To simulate affected upper limb function loss in patients, a wrist weight was attached to the dominant hand of participant. Participants were asked to choose their right or left hand to reach toward a randomly allocated target. The movement of the virtual image of the upper limb was reinforced by visual feedback to participants, that is, the participants perceived their motor coordination as if their upper limb was moving to a greater degree than what was occurring in everyday life. We found that the use of the simulated affected limb was increased after the visual feedback enhancement intervention, and importantly, the effect was maintained even after gradual withdrawal of the visual amplification. The results suggest that positive reinforcement within the IVR could induce an effect on decision making in hand usage.

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Modified sensory feedback enhances the sense of agency during continuous body movements in virtual reality

Cited by 28 publications

References 56 publications

Rapid assessment of hand reaching using virtual reality and application in cerebellar stroke

Rapid assessment of hand reaching using virtual reality and application in cerebellar stroke

The Split-Half Reliability and Construct Validity of the Virtual Reality-Based Path Integration Task in the Healthy Population

Enhanced Visual Feedback Using Immersive VR Affects Decision Making Regarding Hand Use With a Simulated Impaired Limb

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