“…When the studies on the use of LFC to ensure system stability in power systems were examined, it was observed that the determination of the controller parameters plays a major role in achieving successful results. Various evolutionary algorithms, such as genetic algorithm (GA) [3], re y algorithm (FA) [3], population extremal optimization (PEO) [5], particle swarm optimization (PSO) [4,6], hybrid shu ed frog leaping algorithm, teaching-learning based optimization (hybrid SFLA-TLBO) [7], equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA) [8], grey wolf optimization (GWO) [9], hybrid gravitational-re y (hGFA) [10], differential evolution-arti cial electric eld algorithm (DE-AEFA) [11], Jaya algorithm [12,13], sine-cosine algorithm (SCA) [14,15], lightning ash algorithm (LFA) [16], ant-lion optimization (ALO) [17], and gravitational search algorithm (GSA) [18], have been used to tune the controller parameters. Additionally, different optimization algorithms, such as mine blast algorithm (MBA) [19], salp swarm algorithm (SSA) [20], hybrid moth ame optimization-generalised Hop eld neural network (MFO-GHNN) [21], whale optimization algorithm (WOA) [22], crow search algorithm (CSA) [23,24], marine predator algorithm (MPA) [25],…”