Modified spider monkey optimization algorithm based feature selection and probabilistic neural network classifier in face recognition

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel and robust predictive method using modified spider monkey optimization (MSMO) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) for face recognition. The limitation of the traditional spider monkey optimization (SMO) approach to obtaining an optimal solution for classification problems is overcome by enhancing the performance of SMO by modifying the perturbation rate with a non-linear function, thereby improving the convergence of SMO. The framework comprises image preprocessing, feature extraction using dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT), feature selection using the modified spider monkey optimization algorithm (MSMO), and classification using PNN. The proposed method is tested on the Yale and AR Face datasets. Experimental outcomes reveal that the proposed framework attain an accuracy of 99.4% with appreciable sensitivity, specificity, and G-mean. To examine the efficacy of MSMO, parametric studies are conducted, which showed that MSMO converges faster with high fitness when compared to similar evolutionary algorithms like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm (GWO), Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO), and Cuckoo Search (CS) in selecting the optimal feature set. The MSMO-PNN method outperforms similar state-of-the-art methods, which reveals that the method proposed is competitive. The proposed model is robust to Gaussian and salt-pepper noise, obtaining the highest accuracy of 97.89% for varied noise density and variance.

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“…In comparison to filter FS, wrapper FS typically delivers superior performance (i.e., accuracy) due to its ability to implicitly identify and leverage interdependencies among features within a subset. In contrast, filter FS runs the risk of overlooking such dependencies (Balasubramanian et al, 2023; Zhao et al, 2023). Nonetheless, filter FS is more computationally efficient than wrapper FS (Wang et al, 2023).…”