Modified spontaneous emission from a two-dimensional photonic bandgap crystal slab

Lee, Reginald K.; Xu, Yong; Yariv, Amnon

doi:10.1364/josab.17.001438

Cited by 69 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These results, plotted in Fig. 6(a), agree well with our experimental observations and confirm earlier theoretical predictions of SE lifetime suppression inside the PC bandgap of a similar structure [12]. The TE bandgap of our structures extends from ∼784 nm to ∼1045 nm, calculated by FDTD simulations.…”

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confidence: 91%

Controlling the Spontaneous Emission Rate of Single Quantum Dots in a Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

et al. 2005

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We observe large spontaneous emission rate modification of individual InAs Quantum Dots (QDs) in 2D a photonic crystal with a modified, high-Q single defect cavity. Compared to QDs in bulk semiconductor, QDs that are resonant with the cavity show an emission rate increase by up to a factor of 8. In contrast, off-resonant QDs indicate up to five-fold rate quenching as the local density of optical states (LDOS) is diminished in the photonic crystal. In both cases we demonstrate photon antibunching, showing that the structure represents an on-demand single photon source with pulse duration from 210 ps to 8 ns. We explain the suppression of QD emission rate using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations and find good agreement with experiment.One of the core issues of modern optics is the subject of photon interaction with matter. In the Wigner-Weisskopf approximation, the emission rate is directly proportional to the LDOS [1]. Over the past decade, photonic resonators with increased LDOS have been exploited to enhance emission rate for improving numerous quantum optical devices (e.g., [2,3]). Single photon sources in particular promise to see large improvements [4]. While more attention has been given to increasing emission rate, the reverse is also possible in an environment with decreased LDOS.Here we demonstrate that by designing a photonic crystal structure with a modified single-defect cavity, we can significantly increase or decrease the spontaneous emission (SE) rate of embedded QDs. Photonic crystals (PCs), periodic arrays of alternating refractive index, are near-ideal testbeds for such experiments. Their electromagnetic band structure modifies the LDOS relative to free space and hence the SE rate of embedded QD emitters. We demonstrate that SE of cavity-coupled QDs is enhanced up to 8 times compared to QDs in bulk GaAs. This coupling paves the way to single photon sources with higher out-coupling efficiency and visibility. On the other hand, decoupled QDs emit at up to five-fold decreased rate compared to bulk. This lifetime enhancement is significantly higher than

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confidence: 91%

Controlling the Spontaneous Emission Rate of Single Quantum Dots in a Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

et al. 2005

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“…10-12 Although 2D crystals do not yield a zero density of states, we show that both inside and in the near-field above a PC membrane the emission rate of properly oriented dipoles can be strongly modified. We show that the nanometer accuracy in scanning probe positioning allows direct mapping of the dependence of the emission rate on the spatial coordinates of the subwavelength emitter.We have used the three-dimensional Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method 8,13,14 to calculate the local radiative density of states (LRDOS), accounting for the position dependence of the photon states available for fluorescent decay of a quantum emitter.15 This calculation relies on the fact that the LRDOS appearing in the formulation of Fermi's Golden Rule for the spontaneous emission rate, also describes the total emitted power of a classical point-dipole antenna run at a fixed current.8 We consider semiconductor membranes with dielectric constant ǫ = 11.76 and thickness d = 250 nm, surrounded by up to 1 µm of air above and below. We take the membrane to contain a hexagonal array of holes with radius r = 0.3a at a lattice spacing of a = 420 nm.…”

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have used the three-dimensional Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method 8,13,14 to calculate the local radiative density of states (LRDOS), accounting for the position dependence of the photon states available for fluorescent decay of a quantum emitter. 15 This calculation relies on the fact that the LRDOS appearing in the formulation of Fermi's Golden Rule for the spontaneous emission rate, also describes the total emitted power of a classical point-dipole antenna run at a fixed current.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous emission in the near field of two-dimensional photonic crystals

et al. 2005

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We show theoretically that photonic crystal membranes cause large variations in the spontaneous emission rate of dipole emitters, not only inside but also in the near-field above the membranes. Our three-dimensional finite difference time-domain calculations reveal an inhibition of more than five times and an enhancement of more than ten times for the spontaneous emission rate of emitters with select dipole orientations and frequencies. Furthermore we demonstrate theoretically, the potential of a nanoscopic emitter attached to the end of a glass fiber tip as a local probe for mapping the large spatial variations of the photonic crystal local radiative density of states. This arrangement is promising for on-command modification of the coupling between an emitter and the photonic crystal in quantum optical experiments. c 2018 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 130. 130, 160.0160, 180.5810, 270.5580 It is well known that the rate of spontaneous emission can be controlled by the geometry of the medium surrounding the fluorescent species. In particular, many recent research efforts have been devoted to studying spontaneous emission in photonic crystals.1-3 The quantitative interpretation of these experiments, however, remains frustrated by lack of detailed information about many parameters that strongly affect the emission dynamics. These include the exact position of the emitters on the subwavelength scale and the orientation of the emission dipole moments, as well as systematic effects such as surface-induced quenching 4 or other chemical or electronic surface phenomena. An ideal arrangement would require accurate placement of a single emitter at an arbitrary location in a photonic crystal (PC). Very recently Badolato et al. have achieved this by precise fabrication of a PC structure around a given semiconductor emitter.5 In this Letter we discuss the in-situ control of the position and thereby modification of the spontaneous emission rate of a single emitter close to or in a two-dimensional PC slab. Two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals fabricated in thin semiconductor membranes promise to achieve many of the long-standing goals of photonic band gap materials. Indeed, recently it has been demonstrated that it is possible to achieve very high-Q and low mode volume cavities in these structures.6, 7 Due to their planar nature, PC membranes can be easily accessed by subwavelength probes such as optical fiber 9 or atomic force microscope tips.16 Motivated by this opportunity, we investigate the prospects of coupling between a PC and nanoscopic optical emitters located at the end of sharp probes. 10-12 Although 2D crystals do not yield a zero density of states, we show that both inside and in the near-field above a PC membrane the emission rate of properly oriented dipoles can be strongly modified. We show that the nanometer accuracy in scanning probe positioning allows direct mapping of the dependence of the emission rate on the spatial coordinates of the subwavelength emitter.We have used the three-dimensional...

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“…There are two main options to improve light extraction by means of PhCs: the first one is the use of the photonic band-gaps (PBGs) to enhance emission in useful directions and to inhibit it in others; the other is to redirect the emission from guided modes into radiative modes [7]. Nevertheless, the first effect generally leads to nonradiative losses and the requirement of a sufficiently large refractive index contrast to open a full band-gap [8]. Hence, the second option is considered here for the advantage of being compatible with present material processes and amenable to treatment in real components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Modeling for Enhancement of Light Extraction in Light-Emitting Diodes With Archimedean Lattice Photonic Crystals

Chen¹,

Yeh²,

Chen³

et al. 2009

PIER B

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Abstract-Light extraction efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on various photonic crystal (PhC) structures is investigated in this study. By using the plane wave method and the finite element method, the influence of several factors on the enhancement of light extraction is discussed, including lattice type, the density of states from a photonic band diagram, the ratio of cylinder radius and lattice constant, and the thickness of a PHC pattern. Some rules are given for the practical implementation of an optimized PhC-based LED with higher light extraction efficiency. In the simulation results, the maximum enhancement of the extraction efficiency could be by a factor of approximately 2.8 for the optimized Archimedean tiling pattern in the LED device emitting at the center wavelength of 530 nm. However, with the use of optimized PhC structures, the square and triangular lattices reveal enhancements of ∼ 1.7 and ∼ 1.5, respectively. The extraction efficiency of the Archimedean PhC LED is much greater than that of the regular lattice PhC LED.

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Modified spontaneous emission from a two-dimensional photonic bandgap crystal slab

Cited by 69 publications

References 25 publications

Controlling the Spontaneous Emission Rate of Single Quantum Dots in a Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

Controlling the Spontaneous Emission Rate of Single Quantum Dots in a Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal

Spontaneous emission in the near field of two-dimensional photonic crystals

Design and Modeling for Enhancement of Light Extraction in Light-Emitting Diodes With Archimedean Lattice Photonic Crystals

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