Modifying continuous-cast steel with refractory nanopowder

Effect of the size factors on the heterophase interaction of exogenous refractory compound nanoparticles with sulfur in a model nickel melt

“…After solidi fication of the metal with introduced RPNs, the authors of [1] detected a decrease in the grain size, an increase in the chemical and structural homogeneity, a decrease in the nonmetallic inclusion size, and an improvement of the mechanical and operating proper ties of the metal. The authors of [2][3][4] studied the effect of the introduction of RPNs (SiC, BN, TiCN, TiN, Al 2 O 3 ) produced by plasmachemical synthesis and having a size up to 100 nm into cast iron.…”

“…The authors of [5,6] detected sub stantial grain refinement and an increase in the heat resistance after the introduction of 0.1-0.03% RPNs (in the form of pelleted RPN mixtures with a protec tive metal) nickel superalloys of various grades. After the modification, they also observed an increase in the thermal resistance; a decrease in the secondary den 1 The contents are given in wt % unless otherwise specified.…”

“…The RPN contents in melts were also different: 0.005-0.25% [3], 0.05-0.5% [2], and 0.01-0.4% [4]. 1 After the introduction of RPNs, the grain size decreases, the depth of chill decreases, globular graph ite precipitates, and the wear resistance increases by 15-20% [2]. The authors of [3] noted the formation of a fine grained structure, a decrease in the depth of chill, and the removal of columnar crystals and con sidered the effect of SiC cladding on the depth of chill, the holding time of cast iron in a ladle, and the modi fying effect time.…”

“…When studying the interaction of TiN and Y 2 O 3 RPNs with St3sp steel in the tundish of a section con tinuous caster [1], nanoparticles were preliminarily mixed in a planetary mill with a protective metal (Cr) and the mixture was rolled in a steel tube. After solidi fication of the metal with introduced RPNs, the authors of [1] detected a decrease in the grain size, an increase in the chemical and structural homogeneity, a decrease in the nonmetallic inclusion size, and an improvement of the mechanical and operating proper ties of the metal.…”

“…The studies of the interaction of RPNs (oxides, nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, etc.) with melts based on iron (cast iron, steels), nickel (complexly alloyed refractory alloys), aluminum, and magnesium have been recently performed during the solidification of commercial metallic parts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”