Modifying lysine biosynthesis and catabolism in corn with a single bifunctional expression/silencing transgene cassette

Frizzi, Alessandra; Huang, Shihshieh; Gilbertson, Larry A.; Armstrong, Toni A.; Luethy, Michael H.; Malvar, Thomas

doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2007.00290.x

Cited by 109 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The negative growth effects of reduced lysine catabolism are alleviated when altered lysine synthesis and catabolism are restricted to the seeds using a phaseolin promoter (Zhu and Galili, 2004). This same approach, seed-specific regulation to increase synthesis and reduce catabolism, has been commercially implemented to increase lysine content in maize (Frizzi et al, 2008), showing a practical application to amino acid biosynthesis discoveries that were initially made in A. thaliana.…”

Section: Lysine Catabolismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aspartate-Derived Amino Acid Biosynthesis inArabidopsis thaliana

Jander

Joshi

2009

The Arabidopsis Book

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The aspartate-derived amino acid pathway in plants leads to the biosynthesis of lysine, methionine, threonine, and isoleucine. These four amino acids are essential in the diets of humans and other animals, but are present in growthlimiting quantities in some of the world's major food crops. Genetic and biochemical approaches have been used for the functional analysis of almost all Arabidopsis thaliana enzymes involved in aspartate-derived amino acid biosynthesis. The branch-point enzymes aspartate kinase, dihydrodipicolinate synthase, homoserine dehydrogenase, cystathionine gamma synthase, threonine synthase, and threonine deaminase contain well-studied sites for allosteric regulation by pathway products and other plant metabolites. In contrast, relatively little is known about the transcriptional regulation of amino acid biosynthesis and the mechanisms that are used to balance aspartatederived amino acid biosynthesis with other plant metabolic needs. The aspartate-derived amino acid pathway provides excellent examples of basic research conducted with A. thaliana that has been used to improve the nutritional quality of crop plants, in particular to increase the accumulation of lysine in maize and methionine in potatoes.

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Section: Lysine Catabolismmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aspartate-Derived Amino Acid Biosynthesis inArabidopsis thaliana

Jander

Joshi

2009

The Arabidopsis Book

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“…In addition, numerous approaches have been taken to boost the Lys content in plants (Azevedo and Lea, 2001;Galili et al, 2001;Ufaz and Galili, 2008), and for this reason, the degradative pathway has also been targeted. In one such strategy, a series of transgenic maize (Zea mays) plants overaccumulating Lys were produced using distinct strategies, including an endosperm-specific RNA interference suppression of LKR/ SDH (Houmard et al, 2007;Frizzi et al, 2008;Reyes et al, 2009). Most approaches that led to accumulation of Lys also led to a concomitant degradation of Lys, resulting in the formation of saccharopine and a-aminoadipate d-semialdehyde (Falco et al, 1995;Houmard et al, 2007;Frizzi et al, 2008;Azevedo and Arruda, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the 2-Hydroxyglutarate and Isovaleryl-CoA Dehydrogenases as Alternative Electron Donors Linking Lysine Catabolism to the Electron Transport Chain ofArabidopsisMitochondria

et al. 2010

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The process of dark-induced senescence in plants is relatively poorly understood, but a functional electron-transfer flavoprotein/electron-transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) complex, which supports respiration during carbon starvation, has recently been identified. Here, we studied the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in the expression of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase to extended darkness and other environmental stresses. Evaluations of the mutant phenotypes following carbon starvation induced by extended darkness identify similarities to those exhibited by mutants of the ETF/ETFQO complex. Metabolic profiling and isotope tracer experimentation revealed that isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is involved in degradation of the branched-chain amino acids, phytol, and Lys, while 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is involved exclusively in Lys degradation. These results suggest that isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is the more critical for alternative respiration and that a series of enzymes, including 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, plays a role in Lys degradation. Both physiological and metabolic phenotypes of the isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase mutants were not as severe as those observed for mutants of the ETF/ETFQO complex, indicating some functional redundancy of the enzymes within the process. Our results aid in the elucidation of the pathway of plant Lys catabolism and demonstrate that both isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase act as electron donors to the ubiquinol pool via an ETF/ETFQOmediated route.

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“…yieldgardvt.com/VTScience/Default.aspx), or the combination of transgenes that simultaneously increase synthesis and decrease catabolism of Lys in maize seeds (Frizzi et al, 2008). Recent reports of improvements in gene targeting technology (Ow, 2007) and the construction of meiotically transmissible plant minichromosomes (Carlson et al, 2007;Yu et al, 2007) pave the way for introducing more traits with increasing complexity.…”

Section: Molecular Plant Breeding Increases Favorable Gene Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Plant Breeding as the Foundation for 21st Century Crop Improvement

2008

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The fundamental discoveries of Darwin and Mendel established the scientific basis for plant breeding and genetics at the turn of the 20th century. Similarly, the recent integration of advances in biotechnology, genomic research, and molecular marker applications with conventional plant breeding practices has created the foundation for molecular plant breeding, an interdisciplinary science that is revolutionizing 21st century crop improvement. Though the methods of molecular plant breeding continue to evolve and are a topic of intense interest among plant breeders and crop scientists (for review, see Cooper et al., 2004;Nelson et al., 2004;Lö rz and Wenzel, 2005;Varshney et al., 2006;Eathington et al., 2007;Mumm, 2007), they have received relatively little attention from the majority of plant biologists engaged in basic scientific research. The objective of this article for an Editor's Choice series on future advances in crop biotechnology is to briefly review important historical developments in molecular plant breeding, key principles influencing the current practice of molecular plant breeding, and factors that influence the adoption of molecular plant breeding in crop improvement programs. Furthermore, we emphasize how the application of molecular plant breeding is now contributing to discoveries of genes and their functions that open new avenues for basic plant biology research.

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Modifying lysine biosynthesis and catabolism in corn with a single bifunctional expression/silencing transgene cassette

Abstract: SummaryAlthough it is one of the major crops in the world, corn has poor nutritional quality for human and animal consumption due to its low lysine content. Here, we report a method

Cited by 109 publications

References 41 publications

Aspartate-Derived Amino Acid Biosynthesis inArabidopsis thaliana

Aspartate-Derived Amino Acid Biosynthesis inArabidopsis thaliana

Identification of the 2-Hydroxyglutarate and Isovaleryl-CoA Dehydrogenases as Alternative Electron Donors Linking Lysine Catabolism to the Electron Transport Chain ofArabidopsisMitochondria

Molecular Plant Breeding as the Foundation for 21st Century Crop Improvement

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