Modular Multilevel Converter Circulating Current Reduction Using Model Predictive Control

Ben‐Brahim, Lazhar; Gastli, Adel; Trabelsi, Mohamed; Ghazi, K. A.; Houchati, Mahdi; Abu‐Rub, Haitham

doi:10.1109/tie.2016.2519320

Cited by 129 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Moreover, the circulating current is minimized in Ben‐Brahim et al by using MPC technique for MMC. Presented control strategy is based on weighted MPC, which decreases the circulating current and voltage fluctuation.…”

Section: Control Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent contributions and future prospects of the modular multilevel converters: A comprehensive review

Kurtoğlu

Eroğlu

Arslan

et al. 2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary The modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are frequently preferred for medium and high power energy conversion systems thanks to their modular structure and high quality output waveform. The remarkable studies related to the MMC have been carried out in recent years, which are mainly focused on its topology, control, or application. In this paper, MMC circuit topologies consisting of traditional submodule cells and new proposed configurations are introduced, and their control process, modulation techniques, and application areas are discussed in order to provide the readers the current state of the art of MMC technology. A wide part of this article is devoted to demonstrate the recent contributions arising in MMC studies. In this context, this paper not only outlines the circuit topology, control objectives, and applications of the MMC but also presents a comprehensive review, principally in terms of the latest developments of it. Ultimately, detailed proposals and new possible topics are provided to drive future expectations of MMC technology.

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Section: Control Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent contributions and future prospects of the modular multilevel converters: A comprehensive review

Kurtoğlu

Eroğlu

Arslan

et al. 2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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“…15 Both repetitive and resonant controllers were tuned at the even order harmonics in most cases. Predictive controllers in Perez et al 16 and Ben-Brahim et al 17 were applied to simultaneously solve all control issues in MMCs (capacitor voltage balance, circulating currents, and output currents tracking). The predictive control is a model-based approach that consists in evaluating, in each sampling time, all the possible switching states of the converter and selecting the switching state that minimizes a given objective function.…”

Section: Cell N+1mentioning

confidence: 99%

A current controller for the modular multilevel converter operating under distorted grid voltage

Contreras

Escobar

Fernández

et al. 2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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This paper presents a current controller for the single-phase grid-connected modular multilevel converter of 2n + 1 levels. The controller is designed based on the mathematical model of the converter. It has the aim of injecting an almost pure sinusoidal current with a proper phase, despite the low-frequency harmonics present on the grid voltage. Also, a loop for the circulating current is developed to keep this variable close to a constant value for proper internal operation of the converter. The overall current controller comprises injected and circulating current loops. Out of these loops, a voltage reference for each converter arm is built, which is then used in a phase-shift carrier-based pulse-width modulation to generate the switching sequences. These are then used to command the modules conforming the converter. Experimental results in a 7-level modular multilevel converter (n = 3) operating under harmonic distortion in the grid voltage are obtained from a hardware-in-the-loop test bench to validate the performance of the proposed current controller. n, number of cells in one arm of MMC; L, inductance of each arm; i P , i N , upper and lower arm currents; E, DC-link voltage value; v S , distorted grid voltage; e P , e N , total inserted voltage for the upper and the lower arms; v Ci , i-th (i ∈ 1, … , 2n) capacitor voltage of MMC; u i , i-th switching signal of MMC; C, capacitors' capacitance; z i , capacitors' scaled energy; i 0 , injected current to the AC side; e D , difference between the produced voltages of the lower and the upper arms; i T , circulating current; e T , total voltage produced by the upper and lower cells; z P , z N , upper and lower cells' scaled energy; z T , total scaled energy stored in the upper and the lower cells; z D , difference between the scaled energy of the upper and the lower cells; 0 , fundamental frequency of the grid voltage; i * 0 , reference for the injected current; P 0 , constant load power reference; v S,RMS , RMS value of the grid voltage;v S,1 , estimation of the grid voltage fundamental component; t, time; i * T , reference for the circulating current; e * D , e * T , steady-state expressions for e D and e T ;ĩ 0 , error of the injected current loop; D , harmonic disturbance in the injected current loop; R D , damping gain of the injected current loop;̂D, estimate for the harmonic perturbations grouped in D ; k, odd harmonics number; D,k , estimation gains for the resonant filters; s, complex variable; f 0 , fundamental frequency (in Hz) of the grid voltage; T kr , desired response time for each harmonic component; i0

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“…Thus, mitigation of these harmonics is needed. These harmonics can be regulated by active compensation of voltage imbalance in a phase leg through control methods [38][39][40][41][42][43][44] or can be attenuated by tuned arm filters [45,46].…”

Section: Control Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of MMC for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Electromagnetic Transients: A Review

Khan

Tedeschi

2017

Energies

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Over the past decade, modular multilevel converters have evolved as the preferred choice for high voltage conversion systems. The design of the converter poses a computational challenge to the classical electromagnetic transient simulation techniques, for which the existing literature proposes numerous simplified and computationally-efficient equivalent representations. Despite the extensive collection of proposed models, the literature lacks a systematic comparison of these representations, which could enable their appropriate selection based on the specific simulation objectives. In light of these requirements, this article presents a comprehensive review of MMC models and discusses their applicability for parallel and real-time simulation. Using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations, the models are objectively compared with regards to computational efficiency and accuracy for various transient conditions. In addition, the paper also presents a brief account of MMC operation and the associated control and modulation system.

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Modular Multilevel Converter Circulating Current Reduction Using Model Predictive Control

Cited by 129 publications

References 40 publications

Recent contributions and future prospects of the modular multilevel converters: A comprehensive review

Recent contributions and future prospects of the modular multilevel converters: A comprehensive review

A current controller for the modular multilevel converter operating under distorted grid voltage

Modeling of MMC for Fast and Accurate Simulation of Electromagnetic Transients: A Review

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