Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Applications: Review on Converter Cells and Functionalities

Nami, Alireza; Liang, Jiaqi; Dijkhuizen, Frans; Demetriades, Georgios D.

doi:10.1109/tpel.2014.2327641

Cited by 916 publications

(404 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Recently, attention has been paid to the "modular multilevel converter" (MMC) [4,5] for high-voltage and high-power applications such as long-distance high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission systems. According to the classification of modular multilevel cascade converters in [6], an MMCC using chopper cells is referred to as a double-star chopper cells (DSCC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analysis and Control of Zero-Sequence Components in a Transformerless Back-To-Back (BTB) System Using Modular Multilevel Cascade Converters for Power Distribution Systems

Khamphakdi¹

2017

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Abstract. This paper provides an intensive discussion on analysis and simulation of a back-to-back (BTB) system based on double-star chopper cells (MMCCs-DSCCs). It is installed between two 6.6-kV power distribution feeders. It is also referred to as the socalled "loop power flow controller." A three-phase 200-V, 10-kW, 50-Hz BTB transformerless system is simulated to verify its operating principles, modelling, and performance of zero-sequence current control using combination between a simple PI controller and a common-mode choke. The simulation results show that the zerosequence current circulating between the two feeders can be suppressed as small as 10 mA (0.03%) in rms, which is within acceptable value and small enough to negligible.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analysis and Control of Zero-Sequence Components in a Transformerless Back-To-Back (BTB) System Using Modular Multilevel Cascade Converters for Power Distribution Systems

Khamphakdi¹

2017

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“…Bipolar SMs used in MMCs can offer voltage blocking during dc-faults. Availability of such diverse SM configurations [13], [14], provide additional functionalities and dc-fault tolerant MMCs can be developed at the cost of more semiconductor devices and increased losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bipolar sub-modules for the alternate arm converter

Wickramasinghe

Konstantinou

Pou

et al. 2016

IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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Abstract-Research on dc-fault tolerant multilevel converters has gained noticeable attention over recent years. The alternate arm converter (AAC) is one of such emerging multilevel converter topologies, and a hybrid topology of the two-level converter and the modular multilevel converter (MMC). Bipolar submodules (SMs) that can produce both positive and negative voltages are the building blocks of the AAC. This paper analyses the operation of an AAC with the full-bridge SM (FB-SM) and the crossconnected SM (CC-SM). The conduction and switching losses of the two SM configurations are evaluated and compared, in order to identify the suitability of CC-SM for AACs and its performance compared to the FB-SM. The CC-SM with identical semiconductor devices has reduced losses compared to the CC-SM with higher rated devices in the cross-connected path. It is concluded that the CC-SM does not offer advantages in the losses, construction, and application to the AAC, compared to FB-SM.

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“…VSCs utilize fully-controlled switches such as Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) instead of thyristors to avoid commutation failure problems [1]. A class of VSC topologies, known as Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs), has been introduced [2], which o er reduced harmonics (and hence reduced ltering requirements), lower switching losses, and superior output quality to conventional two-level and multilevel voltage-source converters. An MMC is constructed using a cascade connection of a large number of identical units known as submodules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An MMC is constructed using a cascade connection of a large number of identical units known as submodules. Commonly used types include half-bridge and fullbridge submodules [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-band modeling of modular multilevel converters using extended-frequency dynamic phasors

Rajesvaran

Filizadeh

2016

Scientia Iranica

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Abstract. This paper presents a model for a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) using extended-frequency dynamic phasors. The model is based upon a series of harmonicfrequency representations that are obtained for the fundamental and dominant harmonic components. Depending on the requirements of the study to be conducted and the desired level of model accuracy, a low-order model (i.e., average-value) or an arbitrarily wideband model may be constructed. The paper describes the principles of modeling using extended-frequency dynamic phasors, and applies them to an MMC connected to a power system represented using a Thevenin equivalent. The model contains details of the MMC's control system including its high-level control circuitry, as well as voltage balancing and synchronization components. The developed model is then validated by comparing it against a fully-detailed electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation model developed in PSCAD/EMTDC simulator. Comparisons are made to establish the accuracy of the model (both its low-order and wide-band variants) and to assess the computational advantages it o ers compared to conventional EMT models.

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Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Applications: Review on Converter Cells and Functionalities

Cited by 916 publications

References 115 publications

The Analysis and Control of Zero-Sequence Components in a Transformerless Back-To-Back (BTB) System Using Modular Multilevel Cascade Converters for Power Distribution Systems

The Analysis and Control of Zero-Sequence Components in a Transformerless Back-To-Back (BTB) System Using Modular Multilevel Cascade Converters for Power Distribution Systems

Comparison of bipolar sub-modules for the alternate arm converter

Wide-band modeling of modular multilevel converters using extended-frequency dynamic phasors

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