Modular multilevel converters technology: a comprehensive study on its topologies, modelling, control and applications

Raju, Manchala Naini; Sreedevi, J.; Mandi, Rajashekar P.; Meera, K. S.

doi:10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5734

Cited by 78 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 218 publications

(243 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With the development of power electronics technology, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) has received extensive attention [1][2][3]. In recent years, due to its modularity, scalability, high efficiency, good harmonic performance, fault blocking capability, etc., it has been used more and more in the industry [4][5][6][7][8], such as energy storage system, medium voltage and high power motor drive system, power distribution system, high voltage direct current transmission, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Control of Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Linear Matrix Inequality without Coordinate Transformation

Liu

Yang

2020

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) play an important role in the power electronics industry due to their many advantages such as modularity and reliability. However, one of the challenges is to suppress fluctuations of circulating current and capacitor voltage and to ensure the quality of the output current. In this paper, the upper and lower arm voltages are employed as control inputs to control the output current and circulating current which are fed back to track the desired value. Based on linear matrix inequality (LMI), the control law of the MMC with multi-input system is designed to optimize the control value. The optimum arm voltage is divided by the SM nominal capacitor voltage to determine the number of SMs inserted into the upper/lower arm. The Voltage Sorting Algorithm (VSA) is then used to suppress the capacitor voltage fluctuation. The proposed tracking control strategy is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that even under a small number of SMs (4 per arm), the output current can track the desired values and have better harmonic performance (current THD: 5.42%,voltage THD: 5.67%), and the fluctuations of the circulating current can be suppressed. Furthermore, it has better robustness and three-phase variable load fault tolerance.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Control of Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Linear Matrix Inequality without Coordinate Transformation

Liu

Yang

2020

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There was always a heated argument between DC and AC proponents over the years. The advantages like long distance bulk power transmission, long distance under water cable crossings, connecting two different frequency systems and power transfer through long distance underground cables make HVDC more popular than HVAC transmission [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Full scale modeling of MMC-HVDC with hundreds of SMs in per arm/valve as shown in Fig.1 is computationally immense talk, as it requires CPUs with high computing power and memory [2]. Detailed models which replicate the IGBT and its anti-parallel diode conductions are inefficient as the time required for simulation is prohibitively long.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Time Simulation of Wind Farm Connected MMC-HVDC System

2020

IJRTE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Real time simulators play a major role in R&D of Offshore wind farm connected modular multilevel converter (MMC)-HVDC system. These simulators are used for testing the actual prototype of controllers or protection equipment required for the system under study. Modular multilevel converter comprises of number of sub modules (SMs) like Half/ full bridge cells. While computing time domain Electromagnetic transients (EMTs) with the system having large number of SMs pose a great challenge. This computational burden will be more when simulated in real time. To overcome this, several authors proposed equivalent mathematical model of MMC. This paper proposes the real time simulation start-up of offshore wind farm connected modular multilevel converter (MMC)-HVDC system. This paper also describes about how the above said systems is simulated in OPAL-RT based Hypersim software.

show abstract

“…However, to date, none of the existing literature which compares VSC topologies, e.g. [22–24, 32, 44–48], take into account all capabilities during and after DC‐side fault clearing in a comprehensive and general manner, but instead tend to categorise converter topologies or stations according to circuit technology, internal control, number of semiconductors and losses incurred. Some specific work has been done comparing converter/SM designs that are capable of achieving DC fault blocking [24, 40, 49–51], as well as static compensator (STATCOM) capability during DC pole‐to‐pole faults [47]; however, these works focus purely on these specific capabilities and consider only the converter design itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power‐system level classification of voltage‐source HVDC converter stations based upon DC fault handling capabilities

Judge

Chaffey

Wang

et al. 2019

IET Renewable Power Generation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To date, numerous concepts for converter station designs for use in voltage source converter (VSC)-based highvoltage direct current (HVDC) systems have been proposed. These differ not only in converter circuit topology, sub-module design, and control scheme but also in AC-or-DC switchgear and other auxiliary equipment. In the main, the existing literature categorises these converter stations according to just the converter circuit technologies and controls. However, for the development of network codes and to enable systematic network studies, a system-focused and technology-independent classification is needed. As such a classification does not yet exist, this study proposes a new framework, which categorises VSC station designs according to their capabilities during a DC-side fault and the method by which post-fault restoration may be achieved, given that these are the main differentiating factors from a system perspective. The classification comprises six converter station types and three time-intervals through which to fully characterise a design. Many well-known forms of converters are used as case studies, and simulation results are used to exemplify the classification framework. The outcome is a generic and technology-independent way of characterising converter station designs that is useful in wider power-system analysis but also for putting proposed converter stations into context.

show abstract

Modular multilevel converters technology: a comprehensive study on its topologies, modelling, control and applications

Cited by 78 publications

References 218 publications

Tracking Control of Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Linear Matrix Inequality without Coordinate Transformation

Tracking Control of Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Linear Matrix Inequality without Coordinate Transformation

Real Time Simulation of Wind Farm Connected MMC-HVDC System

Power‐system level classification of voltage‐source HVDC converter stations based upon DC fault handling capabilities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About