Modular system-level architecture for concurrent cell balancing

Kauer, Matthias; Naranayaswami, Swaminathan; Steinhorst, Sebastian; Lukasiewycz, Martin; Chakraborty, Samarjit; Hedrich, Lars

doi:10.1145/2463209.2488926

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although there is still energy available in these cells, the pack cannot be further discharged. Active cell balancing architectures [11], [12], [13] can utilize this remaining energy in some cells as charge can be transferred between cells. In contrast to passive cell balancing, where the SoC of cells can only be decreased, active cell balancing can increase the SoC of cells.…”

Section: B Bms Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Smart Cells for Embedded Battery Management

Steinhorst¹,

Lukasiewycz²,

Narayanaswamy³

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks, and Applications

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This paper introduces a novel approach to battery management. In contrast to state-of-the-art solutions where a central Battery Management System (BMS) exists, we propose an Embedded Battery Management (EBM) that entirely decentralizes the monitoring and control of the battery pack. For this purpose, each cell of the pack is equipped with a Cell Management Unit (CMU) that monitors and controls local parameters of the respective cell, using its computational and communication resources. This combination of a battery cell and CMU forms the smart cell. Consequently, system-level functions are performed in a distributed fashion by the network of smart cells, applying concepts of self-organization to enable plug-and-play integration. This decentralized distributed architecture might offer significant advantages over centralized BMSs, resulting in higher modularity, easier integration and shorter time to market for battery packs. A development platform has been set up to design and analyze circuits, protocols and algorithms for EBM enabled by smart cells.

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Section: B Bms Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For passive cell balancing, the CMU must contain a switchable resistor that can dissipate energy stored in the cell. For active cell balancing, a modular inductor-based architecture such as the ones proposed in [11] or [12] are suitable, as they consist of homogeneous modules that can be integrated into each smart cell.…”

Section: A Sensing and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Cells for Embedded Battery Management

Steinhorst¹,

Lukasiewycz²,

Narayanaswamy³

et al. 2014

2014 IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks, and Applications

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“…In contrast, active approaches transfer charges between cells to avoid the waste of energy, increasing the driving range as well as the lifetime of the battery. A recent advancement in the area of active cell balancing system design is presented in [2]. Electric Motor.…”

Section: Electric Vehicle Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

System architecture and software design for electric vehicles

Lukasiewycz¹,

Steinhorst²,

Andalam³

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the 50th Annual Design Automation Conference

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This paper gives an overview of the system architecture and software design challenges for Electric Vehicles (EVs). First, we introduce the EV-specific components and their control, considering the battery, electric motor, and electric powertrain. Moreover, technologies that will help to advance safety and energy efficiency of EVs such as drive-by-wire and information systems are discussed. Regarding the system architecture, we present challenges in the domain of communication and computation platforms. A paradigm shift towards time-triggered in-vehicle communication systems becomes inevitable for the sake of determinism, making the introduction of new bus systems and protocols necessary. At the same time, novel computational devices promise high processing power at low cost which will make a reduction in the number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) possible. As a result, the software design has to be performed in a holistic manner, considering the controlled component while transparently abstracting the underlying hardware architecture. For this purpose, we show how middleware and verification techniques can help to reduce the design and test complexity. At the same time, with the growing connectivity of EVs, security has to become a major design objective, considering possible threats and a security-aware design as discussed in this paper.

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“…The neighbor-only circuit presented in [1] requires even less, but it routes current over the MOSFET diode which significantly decreases the energy efficiency. On the other hand, the component count of the proposed circuit is decidedly smaller than that of the architecture for non-adjacent transfers presented in [2]. Unlike the circuit there, our new architecture also does not add switches to the path of the main application current and consequently does not influence the standard performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Furthermore, we develop (ii) a rapid simulation framework by extending the charge transfer model from [2]. To the best of our knowledge, many-to-many transfers, as offered by the architecture from Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Many-to-many active cell balancing strategy design

Kauer¹,

Narayanaswamy²,

Steinhorst³

et al. 2015

The 20th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference

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In the context of active cell balancing of electric vehicle battery cells, we deal with circuit architectures for inductor-based charge transfer and the corresponding high-level modeling and strategy development. In this work, we introduce a circuit architecture to transfer charge between arbitrarily many source and destination cells (many-to-many) for the first time and analyze the advantages over one-to-one transfer.Balancing simulation with numerical solvers remains challenging because of non-differentiable PWM signals, while the search space for high-level strategy design -crucial for time and energy efficiency -becomes even larger. Consequently, we develop a closed-form charge transfer model that extends state-of-the-art approaches and is three orders of magnitude faster than stepsize controlled simulation. With an initial algorithm design based on experimentally derived rules, we demonstrate that many-tomany transfer dominates neighbor-only approaches in speed and efficiency even though it requires only one additional switch per circuit module.

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Modular system-level architecture for concurrent cell balancing

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Smart Cells for Embedded Battery Management

Smart Cells for Embedded Battery Management

System architecture and software design for electric vehicles

Many-to-many active cell balancing strategy design

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